护理领域理论评价标准研究的范围综述

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.03.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的对护理领域理论评价标准的相关研究进行范围综述，以期为护理理论的科学评价与实践转化提供参考。方法根据Arksey和O’Malley的范围综述框架，系统检索中外文献数据库中关于护理领域理论评价标准的相关文献，检索时限为建库至2025年10月。采用主题分析法对纳入文献进行归纳总结。结果共纳入75篇文献。护理理论评价标准的发展经历了从探索与借鉴、系统化与多元化发展、聚焦发展中域理论评价标准3个阶段。评价内容主要涵盖理论内部分析（逻辑一致性、清晰性等）与外部检验（实用性、可测试性等）2个维度。研究多集中于评价中域理论，并主要采用Walker和Avant、Fawcett等学者的经典理论评价标准，但完整、系统地应用评价标准的研究仍较少。结论当前护理领域理论评价标准体系已初步形成，但在系统应用和实证验证方面仍有不足。未来应加强评价标准的情境化应用，并推动本土化工具开发与跨文化适应性研究。

关键词: 理论评价, 护理理论, 评价标准, 范围综述

Abstract:

Objective To conduct a scoping review of research on theory evaluation criteria in the nursing field，aiming to provide a reference for the scientific evaluation and practical translation of nursing theories. Methods Following the Arksey and O’Malley scoping review framework，a systematic search was conducted across Chinese and international literature databases about theoretical evaluation criteria literature in the field of nursing，covering the period from their inception to October 2025. Thematic analysis was used to summarize and synthesize the included literature. Results A total of 75 studies were included. The development of nursing theory evaluation criteria evolved through 3 stages，namely exploration and reference， systematic and diversified development， and focusing on the evaluation criteria of the development domain theory. The evaluation content primarily encompasses 2 dimensions，namely internal analysis（e.g.，logicality，clarity） and external testing （e.g.，utility，testability）. Application analysis revealed that current research predominantly focuses on evaluating middle-range theories using classic criteria such as Walker & Avant and Fawcett，yet comprehensive and systematic application of evaluation standards remains limited. Conclusion A foundational framework for nursing theory evaluation has been established，but gaps persist in its systematic application and empirical validation. Future efforts should promote the contextualized use of evaluation criteria and advance the development of localized tools alongside cross-cultural adaptation studies.

Key words: Theory Evaluation, Nursing Theory, Evaluation Criteria, Scoping Review

南雪, 孔佳琦, 李亘钰, 齐晴晴, 刘子琦, 吴娅妮, 尹敏. 护理领域理论评价标准研究的范围综述[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2026, 61(3): 412-418.

NAN Xue, KONG Jiaqi, LI Genyu, QI Qingqing, LIU Ziqi, WU Yani, YIN Min. A scoping review of research on theory evaluation criteria in nursing[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2026, 61(3): 412-418.

图/表 2

参考文献 50

[1]	吴瑛, 周兰姝, 唐四元, 等. 护理学学科分类体系的构建与发展方向[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2025, 60(13):1541-1547. DOI URL
	Wu Y, Zhou LS, Tang SY, et al. Development of a classification system for nursing science and directions of future development[J]. Chin J Nurs, 2025, 60(13):1541-1547. DOI URL
[2]	袁长蓉, 蒋晓莲. 护理理论[M]. 3版. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2025.
	Yuan CR, Jiang XL. Nursing theory[M]. 3rd ed. Beijing: People’s Medical Publishing House, 2025.
[3]	王青, 朱明月, 丁晓彤, 等. 护理研究中理论的构建及验证[J]. 护理研究, 2024, 38(12):2083-2087.
	Wang Q, Zhu MY, Ding XT, et al. Construction and validation of theories in nursing research[J]. Chin Nurs Res, 2024, 38(12):2083-2087.
[4]	Arksey H, O’Malley L. Scoping studies:towards a methodolo-gical framework[J]. Int J Soc Res Methodol, 2005, 8(1):19-32. DOI URL
[5]	Kaplan A. The conduct of inquiry:methodology for behavioral science[M]. San Francisco,CA: Chandler Publishing Company,1964.
[6]	Kuhn TS. The essential tension:selected studies in scientific tradition and change[M]. Chicago,IL: University of Chicago Press,1977.
[7]	Ellis R. Characteristics of significant theories[J]. Nurs Res, 17(3):217-222.
[8]	Duffey M, Muhlenkamp AF. A framework for theory analysis[J]. Nurs Outlook, 1974, 22(9):570-574. PMID
[9]	Hardy ME. Theories:components,development,evaluation[J]. Nurs Res, 1974, 23(2):100-107. PMID
[10]	Johnson DE. Development of therory:a requisite for nursing as a primary health profession[J]. Nurs Res, 1974, 23(5):372-377. PMID
[11]	Fitzpatrick JJ, Whall AL. Conceptual models of nursing:analy-sis and application[M]. Norwalk,CT: Appleton & Lange,1983.
[12]	Barnum BS. Nursing theory:analysis,application,evaluation[M]. Philadelphia,PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,1984.
[13]	Parse RR. Nursing science:major paradigms,theories and cri-tiques[M]. Philadelphia, PA:Saunders,1987.
[14]	Acton GJ, Irvin BL, Hopkins BA. Theory-testing research:buil-ding the science[J]. ANS Adv Nurs Sci, 1991, 14(1):52-61. PMID
[15]	Silva MC, Sorrell JM. Testing of nursing theory:critique and philosophical expansion[J]. ANS Adv Nurs Sci, 1992, 14(4):12-23. PMID
[16]	Dudley-Brown SL. The evaluation of nursing theory:a method for our madness[J]. Int J Nurs Stud, 1997, 34(1):76-83. PMID
[17]	Chinn PL, Kramer MK. Theory and nursing:integrated knowle-dge development[M]. St. Louis, MO:Mosby,1999.
[18]	Fawcett J. Criteria for evaluation of theory[J]. Nurs Sci Q, 2005, 18(2):131-135. DOI URL
[19]	Johnson BM, Webber PB. An introduction to theory and rea-soning in nursing[M]. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Wil-liams & Wilkins, 2005.
[20]	Meleis AI. Theoretical nursing:Development and progress[M]. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2012.
[21]	Walker L, Avant K. Strategies for Theory Construction in Nur-sing[M]. New York,NY: Pearson Deutschland, 2013.
[22]	Mcewen M, Wills EM. Theoretical basis for nursing[M]. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer, 2019.
[23]	Smith MJ, Liehr PR. Middle range theory for nursing[M]. 4th ed. NewYork, NY: Springer Publishing Company, 2018.
[24]	Peterson S, Bredow T. Middle range theories:application to nursing research and practice[M]. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2015.
[25]	Risjord M. Middle-range theories as models:new criteria for analysis and evaluation[J]. Nurs Philos, 2019, 20(1):e12225. DOI URL
[26]	Reed PG. Midrange theory evaluation to advance nursing know-ledge[J]. Nurs Sci Q, 2022, 35(3):315-320. DOI URL
[27]	Park S, Shin H. An analysis and evaluation of the theory of planned behavior using fawcett and DeSanto-madeya’s framework[J]. ANS Adv Nurs Sci, 2021, 44(4):E141-E154.
[28]	Garcia LM. Theory analysis of social justice in nursing:ap-plications to obstetric violence research[J]. Nurs Ethics, 2021, 28(7/8):1375-1388. DOI URL
[29]	Khoshnood Z, Rayyani M, Tirgari B. Theory analysis for Pen-der’s health promotion model(HPM) by Barnum’s criteria:a critical perspective[J]. Int J Adolesc Med Health, 32(4):1.
[30]	Lee SE, Vincent C, Finnegan L. An analysis and evaluation of the theory of unpleasant symptoms[J]. ANS Adv Nurs Sci, 2017, 40(1):E16-E39.
[31]	Linder L. Analysis of the UCSF symptom management theory:implications for pediatric oncology nursing[J]. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs, 2010, 27(6):316-324. DOI PMID
[32]	Sagna AO, Walker LO. Analysis of the tidal model and its implications in late-life suicidality[J]. Nurs Sci Q, 2020, 33(4):315-321. DOI URL
[33]	de Almeida Medeiros AB, Enders BC,De Carvalho Lira ALB. The Florence nightingale’s environmental theory:a critical analysis[J]. Escola Anna Nery, 2015, 19(3):518-524.
[34]	Younas A. A foundational analysis of dorothea Orem’s self-care theory and evaluation of its significance for nursing practice and research[J]. Creat Nurs, 2017, 23(1):13-23. DOI URL
[35]	Márcia Cristina de Figueiredo Santos, Bittencourt GKGD, Pa-trícia Josefa Fernandes BeserraMaria Miriam Lima da Nóbre-ga. Orem’s general self-care theory according to Meleis’ model for theory analysis[J]. Referencia, 2022(1):1-8.
[36]	Sourial S. An analysis and evaluation of Watson’s theory of human care[J]. J Adv Nurs, 1996, 24(2):400-404. PMID
[37]	Hong S, Kim E. Description and evaluation of the AACN sy-nergy model for patient care employing the critique frame-works of chinn and kramer(2011) and fawcett and DeSanto-madeya(2013)[J]. ANS Adv Nurs Sci,2021, 44(4):317-329. DOI URL
[38]	Silva RS, Barbosa LC, Brandão MAG, et al. Geropalliative Caring Model analysis and assessment according to Fawcett’s criteria[J]. Rev Esc Enferm USP, 2024,57:e20230288.
[39]	Barbo G. Analysis and evaluation of intersectionality theory for the study of access to mental health services of children with refugee background[J]. ANS Adv Nurs Sci, 2024, 47(3):263-273. DOI URL
[40]	Létourneau D, Cara C, Goudreau J. Description and critical reflection of a humanistic model of nursing care[J]. Int J Hum Caring, 2020, 24(3):170-183. DOI URL
[41]	Lima JVF, Guedes MVC, Silva LF, et al. Usefulness of the comfort theory in the clinical nursing care of new mothers:critical analysis[J]. Rev Gaucha Enferm, 2017,37(4):e65022.
[42]	Borel MGC, Buss Thofehrn M, Arreguy-Sena C, et al. Theore-tical study theory of professional bonds:description and theo-retical analysis based on the meleis’ model with Delphi strategy[J]. Rev Esc Enferm USP,2022,56:e20220054.
[43]	王喜益. 慢性病适应中域理论的构建及验证[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2020.
	Wang XY. Construction and verification of median theory of chronic disease adaptation[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2020.
[44]	Kim Y, Lee H, Ryu GW. Theoretical evaluation of Cox’s inte-raction model of client health behavior for health promotion in adult women[J]. Korean J Women Health Nurs, 2020, 26(2):120-130. DOI URL
[45]	Vandegrift MA, Taylor-Piliae RE. Selecting a theoretical fra-mework for chronic cardiovascular disease self-management among rural dwelling adults[J]. Appl Nurs Res, 2022,65:151585.
[46]	Dolan H, Taylor-Piliae R. Selecting a theoretical framework to guide a research study of older adults’ perceptions and expe-riences of falling in the hospital[J]. Appl Nurs Res, 2019, 47:38-40. DOI URL
[47]	李小雪, 李峥. 护理研究中理论框架的选择[J]. 中华护理教育, 2023, 20(1):109-113.
	Li XX, Li Z. The choice of theoretical framework in nursing research[J]. Chin J Nurs Educ, 2023, 20(1):109-113.
[48]	沈美頔, 高瑞桐, 许林琪, 等. 理论评价工具在护理领域中的应用进展[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2024, 59(4):502-506. DOI URL
	Shen MD, Gao RT, Xu LQ, et al. The introduction of Theo-retical comparison and selection tools and its application in the field of nursing care[J]. Chin J Nurs, 2024, 59(4):502-506.
[49]	朱瑞芳, 韩世范, 张持晨, 等. 临床护理理论的国内外研究进展及述评[J]. 护理研究, 2019, 33(9):1514-1521.
	Zhu RF, Han SF, Zhang CC, et al. Research progress in domestic and foreign and review on clinical nursing theory[J]. Chin Nurs Res, 2019, 33(9):1514-1521.
[50]	李峥, 刘华平, 康晓凤, 等. 传统文化视角下和谐护理理论的构建[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2016, 51(9):1034-1038.
	Li Z, Liu HP, Kang XF, et al. Construction of the harmonious nursing theory from the perspective of traditional culture[J]. Chin J Nurs, 2016, 51(9):1034-1038.