中华护理杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (24): 3021-3027.DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.24.011

• 人力资源管理与职业发展 • 上一篇    下一篇

5 716名社区护士营养护理能力现状及培训需求调查研究

马玉芬(), 丁炎明(), 路潜, 龚姝, 徐园, 李素云, 胡露红, 吴蓓雯, 李秀莉, 陶东霞, 卢芳燕, 蒋秋焕, 高岚, 刘戈, 邵欣, 樊晶晶, 王茜, 张永春, 康月明   

  1. 100730 北京市 中国医学科学院北京协和医院工会(马玉芬),保健医疗部(徐园),国际医疗部(刘戈);北京大学第一医院护理部(丁炎明);北京大学护理学院(路潜);四川大学华西医院护理部(龚姝);华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院护理部(李素云);华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院护理部(胡露红);上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院党委办公室(吴蓓雯);河北医科大学第一医院护理部(李秀莉);中国医科大学附属第一医院护理部(陶东霞);浙江大学医学院附属第一医院护理部(卢芳燕); 河南省人民医院护理部(蒋秋焕);吉林大学第一医院神经内科(高岚);北京医院重症医学科(邵欣);山西省人民医院胃肠胰及疝与腹壁外科(樊晶晶); 四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院消化内科(王茜);贵州省人民医院心外科(张永春);福建医科大学附属第一医院神经外科(康月明)
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-28 出版日期:2025-12-20 发布日期:2025-12-19
  • 通讯作者: 丁炎明,E-mail:646946195@qq.com
  • 作者简介:马玉芬:女,本科,主任护师,E-mail:yumafen@126.com

National survey on current situation and training demands of nutritional care competence among 5 716 community nurses in China

MA Yufen(), DING Yanming(), LU Qian, GONG Shu, XU Yuan, LI Suyun, HU Luhong, WU Beiwen, LI Xiuli, TAO Dongxia, LU Fangyan, JIANG Qiuhuan, GAO Lan, LIU Ge, SHAO Xin, FAN Jingjing, WANG Qian, ZHANG Yongchun, KANG Yueming   

  • Received:2025-07-28 Online:2025-12-20 Published:2025-12-19

摘要:

目的 调查社区护士营养护理能力现状,分析其影响因素及培训需求,为制订精准化培训方案提供参考。 方法 采用分层及便利抽样法,于2025年4—6月选取国内的社区护士为调查对象,使用一般资料调查表、护士营养护理能力量表、社区护士营养护理培训需求调查问卷进行横断面调查,通过多元线性回归分析社区护士营养护理能力的影响因素。 结果 共回收问卷7 931份,有效问卷5 716份。社区护士营养护理能力总分为(64.03±19.58)分,营养支持护理能力维度得分最低。所在地区、社区人口数、年龄、职称、营养支持专科护士证书类别、居民或患者咨询营养信息的频率、护士主动获取或了解营养护理知识的频率、社区组织营养护理培训的频率是社区护士营养护理能力的影响因素(P<0.05)。88.44%的护士愿意参加相关培训,线上培训为首选形式(78.83%),单次时长以45 min为宜(53.39%)。 结论 社区护士营养护理能力处于中等水平,以营养支持护理能力最为薄弱。护理管理者需结合影响因素及需求特征,分层次、分区域制订以实践为导向的短期集中培训与长效学习机制,重点强化营养支持技能,以全面提升社区护士的营养护理能力。

关键词: 社区护士, 营养护理, 影响因素分析, 培训需求

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the current situation of nutritional care competence among community nurses,analyze its influencing factors and training needs,and to provide references for the development of training programs for community nurses. Methods A stratified and convenience sampling method was used to select community nurses across China between April and June 2025. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire,the nutritional care competence scale for nurses,and a self-designed nutritional care training demands survey. Multiple linear stepwise regression was used to identify factors influencing nutritional care competence among community nurses. Results A total of 7 931 questionnaires were collected,with 5 716 valid questionnaires. The total mean score of nutritional care competence was(64.03±19.58),with the nutritional support care dimension scoring the lowest. Multiple linear regression revealed that region,community size,age,professional title,type of nutrition support specialist nurse certificate,frequency of residents or patients consulting nutrition information,frequency of actively obtaining or understanding nutrition nursing knowledge,and frequency of community organized nutrition nursing training are factors that affect nutrition nursing ability(P<0.05). A total of 88.44% of nurses expressed willingness to attend training. Online training(78.83%) was the preferred format,with 45 minutes being the optimal single-session duration(53.39%). Conclusion The nutritional care competency of community nurses in China is at a moderate level,with particularly weak performance in nutritional support. Nursing administrators should develop targeted,practice-oriented training programs—combining short-term intensive sessions and long-term learning mechanisms—based on influencing factors and demand characteristics. A hierarchical and region-specific approach should be adopted,with emphasis on strengthening nutritional support skills to comprehensively enhance community nurses’ nutritional care capabilities.

Key words: Community Nurses, Nutritional Care, Root Cause Analysis, Training Needs