肝移植患者术前预康复策略的范围综述

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.21.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的对肝移植患者术前预康复的相关研究进行范围综述，为构建标准化预康复方案提供参考。方法系统检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、CINAHL、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库，检索时限为建库至2025年3月10日。由2名研究者独立完成文献筛选与数据提取。结果共纳入16篇文献。术前预康复干预措施主要涵盖多模式运动训练、个体化营养支持及心理行为干预。干预团队多由多学科构成，干预场所涵盖医院与家庭。评价指标包括可行性指标、健康相关生活质量、运动指标、体能指标、术后并发症发生率、住院时间、心肺功能、营养指标等。结论目前，多模式预康复尚处于探索的初步阶段，未来应开展高质量的随机对照试验，以深入探索多维干预措施的模式，明确干预启动时机的关键因素，并构建全面、系统的评价体系，从而推动预康复策略在肝移植患者中的临床应用。

关键词: 肝移植, 预康复, 加速康复外科, 范围综述, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To perform a scoping review of the current literature on prehabilitation interventions for liver transplant candidates，supplying evidence to guide the formulation of standardized prehabilitation protocols. Methods Comprehensive searches were performed in several databases，including PubMed，Embase，Cochrane Library，Web of Science，CINAHL，SinoMed，CNKI，Wanfang，and VIP Database. The search period extended from the creation data of each database up to March 10，2025. Totally 2 researchers independently carried out the literature screening and data extraction. Results A total of 16 studies were included. Preoperative rehabilitation interventions primarily include multimodal exercise training, personalized nutritional support, and psychological or behavioral interventions. The intervention team was multidisciplinary and the intervention setting covered hospitals and homes. The evaluation indicators comprised feasibility metrics，health-related quality of life，exercise-related metrics，physical function，postoperative complication rates，length of hospital stay，cardiopulmonary function，and nutritional status. Conclusion Currently，multimodal prehabilitation strategies for liver transplant patients remain in the early exploratory stage. There is an urgent need for high-quality randomized controlled trials to identify optimal intervention models，clarify key determinants of intervention timing，and establish a comprehensive and systematic evaluation framework to facilitate the clinical implementation of prehabilitation in liver transplantation.

Key words: Liver Transplantation, Prehabilitation, Enhanced Recovery after Surgery, Scoping Review, Nursing Care

丁秋蕾, 徐亦虹, 施龚洁, 唐鑫烨, 童滢, 舒洪燕, 徐虹霞. 肝移植患者术前预康复策略的范围综述[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2025, 60(21): 2584-2590.

DING Qiulei, XU Yihong, SHI Gongjie, TANG Xinye, TONG Ying, SHU Hongyan, XU Hongxia. Preoperative prehabilitation strategies for liver transplant recipients：a scoping review[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2025, 60(21): 2584-2590.

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