关键词: 结直肠癌, 衰弱, 内感受敏感性, 影响因素分析, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the influencing factors and action paths of frailty in elderly patients with colorectal cancer，so as to provide a theoretical clinical intervention. Methods A convenience sampling method was adopted. A total of 254 elderly patients with colorectal cancer who were scheduled for elective surgery in a tertiary A hospital in Shanxi Province from March 2023 to September 2024 were selected as the research subjects. General information questionnaires，Fried frailty phenotype，Perceived Ageism Scale，Multidimensional Assessment Scale of Interoceptive Awareness Version 2-Chinese，Cancer Patient Self-Management Assessment Scale，and Anderson Symptom Inventory were used for the investigation，and a structural equation model was constructed. Results The incidence of frailty in elderly colorectal cancer patients before surgery is 38.98%.Anderson Symptom Assessment and Perceived Ageism were positively correlated with frailty（r=0.534，0.568，P<0.01），while interoceptive sensitivity and the self-management level were negatively correlated with frailty（r=-0.444，-0.659，P<0.01）. Self-management behavior had only a direct effect on patients’ frailty（β=-0.349，P<0.001），while Anderson Symptom Assessment，perceived age discrimination and interoceptive sensitivity had both direct and indirect effects on patients’ frailty（direct effects β=0.235，0.287，-0.220；indirect effects β=0.147，0.090，-0.113；all P<0.001）. Conclusion The incidence of frailty in elderly patients with colorectal cancer before surgery is high. Attention should be paid to patients who are elderly，female and have a low level of education. Medical staff can take targeted measures to enhance patients’ interoceptive concentration and stability，so that patients can better monitor and regulate their bodies and emotions，and improve their health-promoting decisions and behaviors. At the same time，attention should also be paid to the problem of age discrimination to create a good medical environment for patients.

Key words: Colorectal Neoplasms, Frailty, Interoceptive Sensitivity, Root Cause Analysis, Nursing Care