基于专业培训的同伴教育在妊娠期糖尿病患者中的应用研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.04.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨基于专业培训的同伴教育在妊娠期糖尿病（gestational diabetes mellitus，GDM）患者自我管理中的应用效果。方法采用便利抽样法，选取2023年3月—6月在南京市某三级甲等妇产医院门诊就诊的96例GDM患者作为研究对象，按照就诊时间，将2023年5月—6月就诊的48例纳入试验组，2023年3月—4月就诊的48例纳入对照组。试验组在常规护理的基础上实施基于专业培训的同伴教育，对照组接受常规的诊疗与护理。比较干预前后两组自我管理水平、健康素养、生活质量和血糖水平的差异。结果试验组45例，对照组48例完成该研究。干预后，试验组自我管理评价量表得分为（115.11±9.48）分，高于对照组的（78.46±6.27）分；健康素养量表得分为（145.38±5.22）分，高于对照组的（92.19±5.75）分；生活质量量表得分为（79.47±4.11）分，高于对照组的（60.85±2.80）分；空腹血糖和餐后2 h血糖低于对照组，差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.001）。结论基于专业培训的同伴教育可有效提高GDM患者的自我管理、健康素养及生活质量，降低其血糖水平。

关键词: 妊娠期糖尿病, 同伴支持, 自我管理, 健康素养, 生活质量, 血糖, 产科护理

Abstract:

Objective To explore the applications and effects of professional training-based peer support on self-management of women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods A total of 96 patients diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus in a tertiary A-level women’s hospital in Nanjing from March to June 2023 were conveniently selected as the research subjects，among which 48 patients with gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosed from May to June 2023 were divided into an experimental group，and 48 patients with gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosed from March to April 2023 were included into a control group. The experimental group received professional training-based peer support based on routine nursing，and the control group received routine nursing. The status of self-management，health literacy，quality of life and blood glucose in 2 groups were compared and analyzed. Results 45 patients in the experimental group and 48 patients in the control group completed the study. After intervention，the Self-Management Scale score of the experimental group was（115.11±9.48），which was higher than（78.46±6.27） of the control group；the score of Health Literacy Scale was（145.38±5.22），higher than（92.19±5.75） of the control group；the Quality of Life Scale score was（79.47±4.11），higher than（60.85±2.80） of the control group；the fasting blood glucose concentration and two-hour postprandial glucose concentration in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group，and the difference between 2 groups was statistically significant（P<0.001）. Conclusion Nursing intervention of the professional training-based peer support can effectively improve the levels of self-management，health literacy and quality of life，as well as reduce concentration of blood glucose.

Key words: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Peer Support, Self-Management, Health Literacy, Quality of Life, Blood Glucose, Obstetrical Nursing

胡桂风, 张志佳, 蒲丛珊, 单春剑, 朱珠, 周晖, 高燕秋, 孔肖楠. 基于专业培训的同伴教育在妊娠期糖尿病患者中的应用研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2025, 60(4): 425-431.

HU Guifeng, ZHANG Zhijia, PU Congshan, SHAN Chunjian, ZHU Zhu, ZHOU Hui, GAO Yanqiu, KONG Xiaonan. Effect of professional training-based peer support on patients with gestational diabetes mellitus[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2025, 60(4): 425-431.

图/表 6

表1 妊娠期糖尿病同伴志愿者培训课程

Table 1 Peer training course of gestational diabetes mellitus

表2 妊娠期糖尿病患者同伴教育干预方案

Table 2 Peer education intervention program for gestational diabetes mellitus patients

表3 两组一般资料的比较[例（百分比，%）]

Table 3 General information of the 2 groups of patients [case（percentage，%）]

表4 两组干预前后自我管理评价量表及健康素养量表得分比较（分，$\bar{x} \pm s$）

Table 4 Comparison of self-management and health literacy scores between the 2 groups before and after intervention（scores，$\bar{x} \pm s$）

表5 两组干预前后生活质量量表得分比较（分，$\bar{x} \pm s$）

Table 5 Comparison of quality of life scores between the 2 groups before and after intervention（scores, $\bar{x} \pm s$）

表6 两组干预前后空腹血糖及餐后2 h血糖比较（mmol/L，$\bar{x} \pm s$）

Table 6 Comparison of fasting blood and two-hour postprandial glucose concentration between the 2 groups before and after intervention（mmol/L, $\bar{x} \pm s$）

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