新入职护士的应对方式在人格特质与转型冲击间的中介效应研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2024.20.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨新入职护士的应对方式在人格特质与转型冲击间的中介效应，为护理管理者帮助新入职护士降低转型冲击水平、顺利渡过角色转型期提供参考。方法采用便利抽样法，于2023年5月—10月，选取广州市、长沙市和株洲市13所三级甲等医院的580名新入职护士作为调查对象，采用一般资料调查表、艾森克人格问卷简式量表、新护士转型冲击量表和简易应对方式量表进行调查，使用结构方程模型检验新入职护士的应对方式在人格特质及转型冲击间的中介效应。结果最终537名新入职护士参与调查。人格特质中的精神质和神经质与转型冲击及消极应对方式呈正相关（P<0.01），与积极应对方式呈负相关（P<0.01）；人格特质中的外向性与转型冲击及消极应对方式呈负相关（P<0.01），与积极应对方式呈正相关（P<0.01）。中介效应分析结果显示，应对方式在人格特质与转型冲击间起部分中介作用，应对方式在人格特质中的精神质、外向性和神经质与轻型冲击间的中介效应分别为0.095、-0.051、0.134，占总效应的43.18%、30.36%、32.29%。结论新入职护士应对方式是人格特质及转型冲击的中介变量，护理管理者应关注个体良好人格特征的培养，建立支持性的工作环境，从而增强新入职护士的积极应对能力，降低转型冲击水平。

关键词: 新入职护士, 人格特质, 转型冲击, 应对方式, 中介效应, 护理管理研究

Abstract:

Objective To explore the mediating effect of coping styles of newly graduated nurses between personality traits and transitional shock，aiming to provide references for managers to help new nurses reduce the level of transitional shock and smoothly go through the role transition period. Methods By convenience sampling，580 new nurses from 13 tertiary A hospitals in Guangzhou，Changsha，and Zhuzhou were surveyed from May to October 2023. A general information questionnaire，Eysenck Personality Questionnaire short form，Transition Shock of Newly Graduated Nurses Scale，and Brief Coping Style Scale were used for the survey. Structural equation modeling was employed to examine the mediating effect of newly graduated nurses’ coping styles between personality traits and transitional shock. Results A total of 537 new nurses participated in the survey. Psychoticism and neuroticism were positively correlated with transformational shock and negative coping styles（P<0.01），but negatively correlated with positive coping styles（P<0.01）. Extroversion was negatively correlated with transformational shock and negative coping style（P<0.01），but positively correlated with positive coping style（P<0.01）. The results of the mediation effect analysis show that coping styles play a partial mediating role between personality traits and transformational shock. The mediating effects of coping styles on psychoticism，extraversion，and neuroticism are 0.095，-0.051，and 0.134，respectively，accounting for 43.18%，30.36%，and 32.29% of the total effect. Conclusion Coping styles of newly graduated nurses act as mediating variables between personality traits and transitional shock. Nursing managers should pay attention to cultivating good individual personality traits and establishing a supportive work environment to enhance new nurses’ positive coping and reduce the level of transitional impact.

Key words: Newly Graduated Nurses, Personality Traits, Transitional Shock, Coping Styles, Mediating Effect, Nursing Administration Research

刘林涛, 周彤, 李超凤, 黄伊, 吴雨薇, 陈丹. 新入职护士的应对方式在人格特质与转型冲击间的中介效应研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2024, 59(20): 2514-2521.

LIU Lintao, ZHOU Tong, LI Chaofeng, HUANG Yi, WU Yuwei, CHEN Dan. The mediating effect of newly graduated nurses’ coping styles between personality traits and transitional shock[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2024, 59(20): 2514-2521.

图/表 5

表1 调查对象的一般资料（n=537）

Table 1 General information of surveyed patients（n=537）

表2 调查对象的艾森克人格问卷简式量表、新护士转型冲击量表、简易应对方式量表得分[n=537，分，M（P25，P75）]

Table 2 The scores of Eysenck Personality Question-naire，Transition Shock of Newly Graduated Nurses Scale and Simplified Ways of Coping Questionnaire[n=537，scores，M（P25，P75）]

表3 新入职护士人格特质、应对方式与转型冲击的相关性分析（n=537，r值）

Table 3 The correlation analysis between newly graduated nurses’ personality trait，coping style，and transitional shock（n=537，r value）

图1 新入职护士的应对方式在人格特质与转型冲击间的结构方程模型

Figure 1 The mediating effect model of newly graduated nurses’coping styles between personality trait and transitional shock

表4 新入职护士的应对方式在人格特质与转型冲击间的中介效应分析

Table 4 The mediation analysis of newly graduated nurses’ coping styles between personality trait and transitional shock

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