三级综合医院护士健康促进生活方式现状及潜在剖面分析

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2024.15.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解三级综合医院护士健康促进生活方式（health-promoting lifestyle，HPL）的现状，探究其类别特征，分析不同类别下的影响因素。方法于2023年3月—4月，采用多阶段抽样法，选取湖南省10所三级综合医院的1 326名护士作为调查对象。使用一般资料调查表、HPL量表、健康行为自我效能评定量表和护理工作环境量表进行调查，对护士HPL进行潜在剖面分析，并通过单因素分析和Logistic回归分析探究不同剖面的影响因素。结果最终纳入1 220名护士，HPL量表得分为（62.61±18.67）分。三级综合医院护士HPL可分为生存型（25.41%）、活力型（21.97%）和常态型（52.62%）3个剖面。Logistic回归分析结果显示，压力应对方式、每日非职业性体力活动情况、自觉健康状况、健康行为自我效能及护理工作环境是三级综合医院护士HPL的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论三级综合医院护士HPL存在明显的异质性，建议护理管理者依据不同类别护士的特征进行个体化干预，可将健康行为自我效能作为干预的核心，以提升其HPL水平。

关键词: 护士, 健康促进生活方式, 潜在剖面分析, 护理管理研究

Abstract:

Objective To understand the current status of nurses’ health promotion lifestyle in tertiary comprehensive hospitals，explore the category characteristics of nurses’ health promotion lifestyle，and analyze the influencing factors under different categories. Methods From March to April 2023，a multi-stage sampling method was used to select 1326 nurses from 10 tertiary comprehensive hospitals in Hunan Province as the research subjects. A cross-sectional survey was conducted by General Information Questionnaire，Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile Scale，Self-Rated Abilities for Health Practices Scale，Health Behavior Self-Efficacy Assessment Scale，and Nursing Work Environment Scale. Latent profile analysis（LPA） of nurses’ health promotion lifestyle was conducted，and the influencing factors of different profiles were explored through univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 1220 nurses were included，and the score of Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile Scale was（62.61±18.67） points. Nurses’ health promotion lifestyle in tertiary comprehensive hospitals can be divided into 3 profiles，namely survival type（25.41%），vitality type（21.97%） and normal type （52.62%）. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that coping strategies for stress，non-occupational physical activity，perceived health status，health behavior self-efficacy，and nursing work environment are the influencing factors of nurses’ health promotion lifestyle in tertiary comprehensive hospitals（P<0.05）. Conclusion Nurses’ health promotion lifestyle in tertiary comprehensive hospitals exhibit significant heterogeneity. It is recommended that nursing managers carry out individualized interventions based on the characteristics of nurses in different categories. Health behavior self-efficacy can be used as the core of intervention to improve nurses’ health promotion lifestyles.

Key words: Nurse, Health Promotion Lifestyle, Latent Profile Analysis, Nursing Administration Research

李卫娟, 赵越, 蒋敬, 刘梦媛, 罗慧, 冯心语, 李映兰. 三级综合医院护士健康促进生活方式现状及潜在剖面分析[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2024, 59(15): 1869-1876.

LI Weijuan, ZHAO Yue, JIANG Jing, LIU Mengyuan, LUO Hui, FENG Xinyu, LI Yinglan. Current status and latent profile analysis of nurses’ health promotion lifestyle in tertiary comprehensive hospitals[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2024, 59(15): 1869-1876.

图/表 5

表1 调查对象的一般资料及健康促进生活方式3个潜在剖面的单因素分析 [名（百分比，%）]

Table 1 Univariate analysis of 3 potential profiles of survey participants’ general information and health-promoting lifestyle [case（percent，%）]

表2 三级综合医院1 220名护士健康促进生活方式的潜在剖面模型拟合指标

Table 2 Fit indices for the potential profile model of 1 220 nurses health-promoting lifestyle in tertiary comprehensive hospitals

图1 护士健康促进生活方式的潜在剖面分布特征

Figure 1 Potential distribution characteristics of nurses health-promoting lifestyle in tertiary comprehensive hospitals

表3 自变量赋值方式

Table 3 Assignment of independent variables

表4 三级综合医院护士健康促进生活方式3个潜在剖面的Logistic回归分析（n=1 220）

Table 4 Multiple Logistic regression analysis of the 3 potential profiles of nurses health-promoting lifestyle in tertiary comprehensive hospitals （n=1 220）

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