西部地区护理人力资源配置的区域差异及变化趋势

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2024.13.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探索西部地区护理人力资源配置的区域差异及变化趋势，为护理人力资源均衡配置提供科学有效的依据。方法运用Dagum基尼系数、核密度估计方法、马尔可夫链等方法分析2011年—2020年西部地区12个省（区、市）护理人力资源配置的区域差异、动态变化与趋势预测。结果从区域差异看，西部地区护理人力资源配置的总体地区差异呈缩小趋势，且主要源于地区内差异；城市、农村总体地区差异主要源于地区间差异。从动态变化过程看，西部地区护理人力资源配置水平不断提升且绝对差异逐步增大。从趋势预测看，西部地区护理人力资源配置各水平间转移概率低，空间因素对其产生极化影响。结论西部地区护理人力资源配置水平逐步提升，总体差异不断缩小，各配置水平护理人力资源具有稳定性，受空间因素影响明显。政府应建立区域、城市、县域护理专科联盟以及创新信息化护理服务模式，实施护理人才培养机制，以提高西部地区护理人力资源配置的均衡性。

关键词: 护理人力资源, 西部地区, Dagum基尼系数, 核密度, 马尔可夫链, 护理管理研究

Abstract:

Objective To explore the regional differences in nursing human resource allocation and the dynamic evolution in the western region，in order to provide a scientific and effective basis for the balanced allocation of nursing human resources. Methods Dagum’s Gini coefficient，kernel density estimation method and Markov chain were employed to analyze the regional differences，dynamic evolution and trend prediction of nursing human resource allocation in 12 provinces（autonomous regions and municipalities） in western China from 2011 to 2020. Results From the point of view of regional differences，the overall regional differences in the allocation of nursing human resources are on a downward trend and stem mainly from intra-regional differences；the overall regional differences between urban and rural areas stem mainly from inter-regional differences. From the perspective of dynamic evolution，nursing human resources have been continuously upgraded and the absolute difference in the allocation level has gradually increased. From the perspective of trend prediction，the transferring probability between different types of nursing human resource allocation in the west is low，and spatial factors have a polarizing effect on it. Conclusion The level of nursing human resources allocation in the western region has gradually increased，and the overall development goes towards the level of equalization，and the level of nursing human resources allocation in each type is stable and significantly affected by spatial factors. The government should establish regional，urban，and county nursing specialty alliances as well as innovative information-based nursing service models，and implement nursing talent training mechanisms to improve the balanced allocation of nursing human resources in the western region.

Key words: Nursing Human Resources, Western Region, Dagum Gini Coefficient, Kernel Density, Markov Chains, Nursing Administration Research

阳晶晶, 刘婷婷, 陈洁婷. 西部地区护理人力资源配置的区域差异及变化趋势[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2024, 59(13): 1624-1631.

YANG Jingjing, LIU Tingting, CHEN Jieting. Regional differences and dynamic evolution of nursing human resource allocation in the western region[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2024, 59(13): 1624-1631.

图/表 7

表1 西部地区注册护士数（名）

Table 1 Number of registered nurses in the west（cases）

表2 西部地区护理人力资源配置的Dagum基尼系数

Table 2 Dagum gini coefficient of nursing human resource allocation in the west

表3 西部地区护理人力资源城市配置的Dagum基尼系数

Table 3 Dagum gini coefficient for urban allocation of nursing human resources in the west

表4 西部护理人力资源农村配置的Dagum基尼系数

Table 4 Dagum gini coefficient of rural allocation of nursing human resources in the west

图1 西部地区护理人力资源配置核密度分布曲线图

Figure 1 Kernel density distribution curve of nursing human resource allocation in the west

表5 西部地区护理人力资源的传统马尔可夫链转移矩阵

Table 5 Traditional Markov chain transfer matrix for nursing human resources in the west

表6 西部地区护理人力资源配置水平的空间转移概率矩阵

Table 6 Spatial shift probability matrix for the level of nursing human resource allocation in the west

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