失智照护领域知识图谱的构建

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2024.04.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的构建失智照护领域知识图谱，为下一步基于知识图谱的智能应用提供基础和保障。方法采用自顶向下的方法构建失智照护领域知识图谱。首先从顶层开始构建本体概念，即知识图谱的模式层构建。之后进行实例填充，从已有数据源中进行知识抽取，将抽取的实体、关系等填充到模式层本体库中，完成知识图谱的数据层构建。最后将“实体-关系-实体”三元组数据输入Neo4j图数据库进行存储。结果以1 012例失智个案的个性化照护方案集为知识来源，构建失智照护领域知识图谱。该知识图谱以失智老年人为核心，围绕基本特征、照护问题、照护方案以规范的“实体-关系-实体”三元组格式的数据形式逐一展开，形成一张巨大的知识网络，共包含1 522种失智照护知识实体及8种实体间关系。结论该研究构建的失智照护领域知识图谱清晰、直观地展示了知识图谱的全局谱系及知识的逻辑路径，为失智照护知识浏览、检索、应用提供了高效智能的基础保障，从而实现失智老年人的个性化、智能化管理，突破专业人员不足的瓶颈，改善失智老年人的健康结局，推动普惠型养老服务落地实施，促进健康老龄化。

关键词: 痴呆, 照护者, 知识图谱, 人工智能, 老年护理学

Abstract:

Objective To construct a domain knowledge graph of dementia care，so as to provide the foundation and guarantee for the next intelligent application based on the knowledge graph. Methods A top-down approach was adopted to construct a domain knowledge graph of dementia care. Firstly，the ontology concept is constructed from the top level，namely the schema layer of knowledge graph. Then，instances are filled，and knowledge extraction is carried out from the existing data sources，and the extracted entities and relationships are filled into the pattern layer ontology database to complete the data layer construction of the knowledge graph. Finally，the “entity relationship entity” triplet data was input into the Neo4j graph database for storage. Results In this study，the personalized care plan set of 1 012 dementia cases was used as the corpus to construct a domain knowledge graph of dementia care. The knowledge graph takes people with dementia as the core，and unfolds，one by one，around basic characteristics，care problems，and care plans in a standardized “entity-relationship-entity” triplet format，forming a large knowledge network，which contains a total of 1 522 specific dementia care knowledge entities and 8 kinds of inter-entity relationships. Conclusion The domain knowledge graph of dementia care constructed in this study clearly and intuitively shows the global pedigree and logical path of knowledge，which provides an efficient and intelligent basic guarantee for the browsing，retrieval and application of dementia care knowledge，so as to realize personalized and intelligent management of people with dementia，break through the bottleneck of lack of professionals，improve the health outcomes of people with dementia，promote the implementation of inclusive pension services，and promote healthy aging.

Key words: Dementia, Caregivers, Knowledge Graph, Artificial Intelligence, Geriatric Nursing

冷敏敏, 孙月, 鲁卫华, 李百合, 尚志嵬, 王志稳. 失智照护领域知识图谱的构建[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2024, 59(4): 432-437.

LENG Minmin, SUN Yue, LU Weihua, LI Baihe, SHANG Zhiwei, WANG Zhiwen. Construction of domain knowledge graph of dementia care[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2024, 59(4): 432-437.

图/表 5

图1 失智照护领域知识图谱关系构建

Figure 1 Relationship construction of domain knowledge graph of dementia care

表1 失智老年人的一般资料（n=1 012）

Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics of people with dementia（n=1 012）

表2 失智照护领域知识图谱的实体框架

Table 2 Entity framework of domain knowledge graph of dementia care

表3 失智照护领域知识图谱的实体间关系

Table 3 Inter-entity relationship of domain knowledge graph of dementia care

图2 失智照护领域知识图谱（部分）

Figure 2 Domain knowledge graph of dementia care（part）

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