社区老年人口腔衰弱现状及影响因素分析

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2023.11.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的调查社区老年人口腔衰弱的现状，并分析其影响因素。方法 2022年3月—6月，采用便利抽样法，选取杭州市3个社区204名老年人作为调查对象，应用口腔衰弱指数-8、衰弱量表、口腔健康评估量表、微型营养评价简表进行调查。采用Logistic回归分析老年人口腔衰弱的影响因素。结果社区老年人口腔衰弱发生率为33.8%，年龄、性别、文化程度、多重用药、身体衰弱、义齿数量、口干、主观咀嚼困难、口腔健康评分是社区老年人口腔衰弱的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论社区老年人口腔衰弱发生率较高，高龄、女性、文化程度低、多重用药、身体衰弱、有义齿、口腔健康情况差的老年人发生口腔衰弱的风险较高。护理人员应关注社区老年人口腔衰弱问题，及时采取针对性的干预措施，减少和控制口腔衰弱的发生和发展。

关键词: 老年人, 口腔衰弱, 影响因素分析, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the current situation of oral frailty in the community elderly and analyze its influencing factors. Methods From March to June 2022，a total of 204 elderly people in 3 communities in Hangzhou were selected as the research subjects by convenience sampling. Oral Frailty Index-8，FRAIL Scale，Oral Health Assessment Scale and Mini-Nutritional Assessment Short Form were used for investigation. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of oral frailty in the elderly. Results The prevalence of oral frailty was 33.8%. Age，gender，education level，polypharmacy，physical frailty，number of dentures，dry mouth，subjective masticatory difficulty，and oral health were the influencing factors of oral frailty elderly in the community （P<0.05）. Conclusion The prevalence of oral frailty community elderly is high. The elderly who are old，female，with low educational level，multiple medication，physical frailty，denture，and poor oral health are at higher risk of oral frailty；nurses should pay attention to the problem of oral frailty elderly in the community and take targeted intervention measures in time，so as to reduce and control the occurrence and development of oral frailty.

Key words: Aged, Oral Frailty, Root Cause Analysis, Nursing Care

屠杭佳, 张书怡, 方雨慧, 何桂娟. 社区老年人口腔衰弱现状及影响因素分析[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2023, 58(11): 1351-1356.

TU Hangjia, ZHANG Shuyi, FANG Yuhui, HE Guijuan. Current situation and influencing factors of oral frailty in the community elderly[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2023, 58(11): 1351-1356.

图/表 3

表1 社区老年人口腔衰弱的单因素分析（n=204）

Table 1 Univariate analysis of oral frailty in the community elderly（n=204）

表2 自变量赋值情况

Table 2 Independent variable assignment

表3 社区老年人口腔衰弱的Logistic回归分析结果

Table 3 Logistic regression analysis results of oral frailty of the elderly in communities

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