老年原发性青光眼患者跌倒警觉度现状及影响因素研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.04.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解老年原发性青光眼患者跌倒警觉度现状并分析其影响因素，为医护人员制订针对性干预策略提供参考。方法采用便利抽样法，于2024年1月—2025年1月选取郑州市某三级甲等医院眼科门诊就诊及病房住院的235例老年原发性青光眼患者作为调查对象，采用一般资料调查表、跌倒警觉度量表、修订版跌倒恐惧量表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数、社会支持评定量表进行调查。采用多重线性回归分析探讨老年原发性青光眼患者跌倒警觉度的影响因素。结果回收有效问卷226份，有效问卷回收率为96.17%。老年原发性青光眼患者跌倒警觉度总分为（65.31±15.55）分，多重线性回归分析结果显示，年龄、病程、视力情况、视野缺损、近1年跌倒史、跌倒恐惧、睡眠质量、社会支持是患者跌倒警觉度的影响因素（P<0.05），可解释55.40%的变异。结论老年原发性青光眼患者跌倒警觉度较高，护理人员应根据其影响因素进行针对性防跌倒健康教育和安全指导，以预防跌倒发生。

关键词: 老年人, 原发性青光眼, 跌倒, 影响因素分析, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To understand the current status of self-awareness of falls in elderly patients with primary glaucoma and analyze its influencing factors，so as to provide a reference for the implementation of targeted interventions. Methods Using the convenience sampling method，235 elderly patients with primary glaucoma who visited the ophthalmology outpatient department and were hospitalized in the ward of a tertiary grade A hospital in Zhengzhou from January 2024 to January 2025 were selected as survey subjects. The survey was conducted using the General Information Questionnaire，Self-Awareness of Falls in the Elderly Scale，Fear of Falling Questionnaire-Reversed，Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index，and the Social Support Rating Scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of fall self-awareness in elderly patients with primary glaucoma. Results A total of 226 valid questionnaires were retrieved，with a recovery rate of 96.17%. The total score of self-awareness of falls in elderly patients with primary glaucoma was（65.31±15.55） points. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that age，disease duration，visual acuity，visual field defect，a history of falls in the past year，fear of falls，sleep quality，and social support were the influencing factors of fall self-awareness in patients（P<0.05），which could explain 55.4% of the variation. Conclusion Elderly patients with primary glaucoma have a relatively high awareness of falls. Nursing staff should conduct targeted health education and safety guidance on fall prevention based on their influencing factors to prevent falls.

Key words: Aged, Primary Glaucoma, Falls, Root Cause Analysis, Nursing Care

金冠珍, 刘延锦, 金波, 王彦艳, 张玲, 刘芳芳. 老年原发性青光眼患者跌倒警觉度现状及影响因素研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2026, 61(4): 506-512.

JIN Guanzhen, LIU Yanjin, JIN Bo, WANG Yanyan, ZHANG Ling, LIU Fangfang. Current situation and influencing factors of self-awareness of falls in elderly patients with primary glaucoma[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2026, 61(4): 506-512.

图/表 4

表1 老年原发性青光眼患者的一般资料及跌倒警觉度的单因素分析结果（n=226）

Table 1 General information of elderly patients with primary glaucoma and univariate analysis results of self-awareness of falls（n=226）

表2 老年原发性青光眼患者跌倒警觉度与跌倒恐惧、睡眠质量、社会支持的相关分析结果（n=226）

Table 2 Correlation analysis results of self-awareness of falls，fall fear，sleep quality and social support in elderly patients with primary glaucoma（n=226）

表3 自变量赋值方式

Table 3 Assignment methods for independent variables

表4 老年原发性青光眼患者跌倒警觉度影响因素的多重线性回归分析结果（n=226）

Table 4 Results of multiple linear regression analysis of factors influencing self-awareness of falls in elderly patients with primary glaucoma（n=226）

参考文献 27

[1]	World Glaucoma Association. World glaucoma week,what is glaucoma?[EB/OL].[2025-10-12]. https://www.worldglaucomaweek.org/what-is-glaucoma/.
[2]	Song PG, Wang JW, Bucan K, et al. National and subnational prevalence and burden of glaucoma in China:a systematic analysis[J]. J Glob Health, 2017, 7(2):020705. DOI URL
[3]	Bhorade AM, Perlmutter MS, Sabapathypillai SL, et al. Rate of falls,fear of falling,and avoidance of activities at-risk for falls in older adults with glaucoma[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2021,227:275-283.
[4]	Tsang JY, Wright A, Carr MJ, et al. Risk of falls and fractures in individuals with cataract,age-related macular degeneration,or glaucoma[J]. JAMA Ophthalmol, 2024, 142(2):96-106. DOI PMID
[5]	丁贤彬, 杨弦弦, 焦艳, 等. 2012—2023年重庆市60岁及以上老年人伤害死亡疾病负担变化[J]. 中国慢性病预防与控制, 2024, 32(12):915-920.
	Ding XB, Yang XX, Jiao Y, et al. Changes in the disease burden of injury death among elderly(≥60 years old) in Chongqing from 2012 to 2023[J]. Chin J Prev Contr Chronic Dis, 2024, 32(12):915-920.
[6]	Shyu ML, Huang HC, Wu MJ, et al. Development and validation of the Self-Awareness of Falls in Elderly Scale among elderly inpatients[J]. Clin Nurs Res, 2018, 27(1):105-120. DOI URL
[7]	吴丽萍, 肖丽娜, 赖菡青, 等. 老年类风湿关节炎患者对跌倒警觉体验的质性研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2025, 60(7):836-841. DOI URL
	Wu LP, Xiao LN, Lai HQ, et al. Qualitative study on the experience of fall alertness in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis[J]. Chin J Nurs, 2025, 60(7):836-841. DOI URL
[8]	Christiansen TL, Lipsitz S, Scanlan M, et al. Patient activation related to fall prevention:a multisite study[J]. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf, 2020, 46(3):129-135. DOI PMID
[9]	中华医学会眼科学分会青光眼学组, 中国医师协会眼科医师分会青光眼学组. 中国青光眼指南(2020年)[J]. 中华眼科杂志, 2020, 56(8):573-586.
	Chinese Glaucoma Society, Chinese Ophthalmological Society,Chinese Ophthalmologist Association. Chinese glaucoma guideline(2020)[J]. Chin J Ophthalmol, 2020, 56(8):573-586.
[10]	倪平, 陈京立, 刘娜. 护理研究中量性研究的样本量估计[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2010, 45(4):378-380.
	Ni P, Chen JL, Liu N. The sample size estimation in quantitative nursing research[J]. Chin J Nurs, 2010, 45(4):378-380.
[11]	何细飞, 刘清华, 王曼, 等. 老年人跌倒警觉度量表在老年住院病人中的信效度检验[J]. 护理研究, 2023, 37(1):47-51.
	He XF, Liu QH, Wang M, et al. Reliability and validity of the Self-Awareness of Falls in Elderly Scale in elderly inpatients[J]. Chin Nurs Res, 2023, 37(1):47-51.
[12]	Bower ES, Wetherell JL, Merz CC, et al. A new measure of fear of falling:psychometric properties of the Fear of Falling Questionnaire Revised(FFQ-R)[J]. Int Psychogeriatr, 2015, 27(7):1121-1133. DOI URL
[13]	王蕾, 王颖, 鲁志卉, 等. 修订版跌倒恐惧问卷的汉化及信效度研究[J]. 护理研究, 2022, 36(7):1134-1138.
	Wang L, Wang Y, Lu ZH, et al. Study on the chinesination and its reliability and validity of the Fear of Falling Questionnaire-Revised(FFQ-R)[J]. Chin Nurs Res, 2022, 36(7):1134-1138.
[14]	刘贤臣, 唐茂芹, 胡蕾, 等. 匹兹堡睡眠质量指数的信度和效度研究[J]. 中华精神科杂志, 1996, 29(2):103-107.
	Liu XC, Tang MQ, Hu L, et al. Reliability and validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index[J]. Chin J Psychiatry, 1996, 29(2):103-107.
[15]	肖水源. 《社会支持评定量表》的理论基础与研究应用[J]. 临床精神医学杂志, 1994, 4(2):98-100.
	Xiao SY. Theoretical basis and research application of Social Support Rating Scale[J]. J Clin Psychiatry, 1994, 4(2):98-100.
[16]	任影, 于卫华, 张利, 等. 社区老年人跌倒警觉度现状及影响因素分析[J]. 护理学杂志, 2024, 39(1):93-97.
	Ren Y, Yu WH, Zhang L, et al. Determinants of self-awareness of falls among community-dwelling older adults[J]. J Nurs Sci, 2024, 39(1):93-97.
[17]	Lavalle LK, Pourhashemi N, Cleworth TW. The relationship between a simulated glaucoma impairment and postural threat on quiet stance[J]. Virtual Real, 2025, 29(1):31. DOI
[18]	崔梦影, 王颖, 蔡悦, 等. 住院老年患者跌倒警觉度现状及影响因素研究[J]. 护理学杂志, 2023, 38(17):10-13.
	Cui MY, Wang Y, Cai Y, et al. Self-awareness of falls and its influencing factors in hospitalized elderly patients[J]. J Nurs Sci, 2023, 38(17):10-13.
[19]	Pieniak M, Lachowicz-Tabaczek K, Karwowski M, et al. Sensory compensation beliefs among blind and sighted individuals[J]. Scand J Psychol, 2022, 63(1):72-82. DOI URL
[20]	邓潇, 李德威, 伍祯, 等. 农村老年高血压患者跌倒警觉度现状及影响因素研究[J]. 护理学杂志, 2024, 39(22):103-106,111.
	Deng X, Li DW, Wu Z, et al. Current status and influencing factors of fall alertness in older hypertensive patients in rural areas[J]. J Nurs Sci, 2024, 39(22):103-106,111.
[21]	Roy C. Extending the Roy adaptation model to meet changing global needs[J]. Nurs Sci Q, 2011, 24(4):345-351. DOI URL
[22]	Knechel NA, Chang PS. The relationships between sleep disturbance and falls:a systematic review[J]. J Sleep Res, 2022, 31(5):e13580. DOI URL
[23]	李佳, 关晋英, 李蓉, 等. 正念减压联合团体健康教育对原发性青光眼病人负性情绪及睡眠质量的影响[J]. 护理研究, 2020, 34(6):1066-1069.
	Li J, Guan JY, Li R, et al. Effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy combined with group health education on negative mood and sleep quality in patients with primary glaucoma[J]. Chin Nurs Res, 2020, 34(6):1066-1069.
[24]	聂作婷, 陈龙, 曾凯, 等. 老年人跌倒风险感知研究现状及其对老年人主动跌倒预防的启示[J]. 中国全科医学, 2024, 27(19):2395-2400. DOI
	Nie ZT, Chen L, Zeng K, et al. Current status of research on fall risk perception and its implications for active fall prevention in older adults[J]. Chin Gen Pract, 2024, 27(19):2395-2400.
[25]	Jones C, Qi ML, Xie ZH, et al. Baduanjin exercise for adults aged 65 years and older:a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies[J]. J Appl Gerontol, 2022, 41(4):1244-1256. DOI URL
[26]	张雪, 蔡燕, 王聪, 等. 认知-运动双任务训练在预防老年人跌倒中的研究进展[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2025, 60(3):297-302.
	Zhang X, Cai Y, Wang C, et al. Research progress on cognitive-motor dual-task training for preventing falls in older adults[J]. Chin J Nurs, 2025, 60(3):297-302.
[27]	Okoye EC, Onwuakagba IU, Akile CC, et al. Social support,general self-efficacy,fear of falling,and physical activity among older adults in a middle-income country[J]. Gerontol Geriatr Med, 2022,8:23337214221097750.