安宁疗护患者死亡教育专家共识

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.19.006

中华护理杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (19): 2632-2637.DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.19.006

安宁疗护患者死亡教育专家共识

中华护理学会安宁疗护专业委员会, 安徽省护理学会安宁疗护专业委员会 (执笔：李凤侠¹(), 胡成文¹^,^*(), 谌永毅², 朱小明³, 应文娟⁴, 项伟岚⁵, 冷菲菲⁶, 顾道琴¹, 刘筝筝³, 许宝惠³, 孙丽³, 王亚萍³, 沈博婷)¹

¹ 中国科学技术大学附属第一医院（安徽省立医院）护理部合肥市 230001
² 湖南省肿瘤医院护理部长沙市 410013
³ 安徽省肿瘤医院护理部合肥市 230031
⁴ 汕头大学医学院第一附属医院护理部汕头市 515041
⁵ 浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院护理部杭州市 310016
⁶ 黑龙江省医院护理部哈尔滨市 150036

收稿日期:2026-02-12 出版日期:2026-10-10 发布日期:2026-09-28
*通讯作者: 胡成文，E-mail：huchengwen318@126.com
作者简介:李凤侠：女，硕士，主管护师，E-mail：448783955@qq.com
基金资助:
安徽省护理学会科研课题立项重点项目(AHHLa202105)

Expert consensus on death education for patients undergoing palliative care

Palliative Care Professional Committee of Chinese Nursing Association, Palliative Care Professional Committee of Anhui Province Nurs-ing Association (Writing Committee：LI Fengxia¹(), HU Chengwen¹^,^*(), CHEN Yongyi², ZHU Xiaoming³, YING Wen-juan⁴, XIANG Weilan⁵, LENG Feifei⁶, GU Daoqin¹, LIU Zhengzheng³, XU Baohui³, SUN Li³, WANG Yaping³, SHEN Boting)¹

¹ Department of Nursing， the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China（Anhui Provincial Hospital）， Hefei 230001， China
² Department of Nursing， Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital， Changsha 410013， China
³ Department of Nursing， Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital， Hefei 230031， China
⁴ Department of Nursing， the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College， Shantou 515041， China
⁵ Department of Nursing， Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital，Zhejiang University School of Medicine， Hangzhou 310016， China
⁶ Department of Nursing， Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital， Harbin 150036， China

Received:2026-02-12 Online:2026-10-10 Published:2026-09-28
* Corresponding author: HU Chengwen，huchengwen318@126.com
Funding program:
Key Project of Scientific Research Program，Anhui Nursing Association(AHHLa202105)

1. “安宁疗护患者死亡教育专家共识”全文.pdf(992KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的制订安宁疗护患者死亡教育专家共识（以下简称“共识”），为规范相关临床实践提供参考。方法成立“共识”编写小组，通过文献检索、质量评价及证据整合，形成“共识”初稿。2025年8—11月，开展2轮专家函询及1轮专家论证，对“共识”内容进行修订与完善，形成终稿。结果 2轮专家函询的有效问卷回收率均为100%，专家的权威系数分别为0.93、0.92，肯德尔和谐系数分别为0.438、0.409（均P<0.001）。第2轮函询中，条目的重要性评分均数为4.70~4.98分，变异系数为0.03~0.10。“共识”终稿包括教育对象、教育人员、教育目标、教育内容、教育准备、教育实施、效果评价7个方面的内容。结论该“共识”具有一定的科学性与可操作性，但仍需在不同临床情境中进一步验证并完善。

关键词: 安宁疗护, 死亡教育, 临终状态, 专家共识, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To formulate an expert consensus on death education for patients undergoing palliative care（hereinafter referred to as the “consensus”），and to provide references for standardizing related clinical prac-tices. Methods A “consensus” formulation team was established. Through systematic literature search，quality eval-uation，and evidence extraction and integration，the initial draft of the "consensus" was formed. From August to November 2025，2 rounds of expert Delphi consultations and 1 round of expert panel discussion were conducted to revise and polish the content，ultimately forming the final version of the consensus. Results The expert response rate for both rounds of consultation was 100%；the expert authority coefficients were 0.93 and 0.92 respectively；the Kendall’s concordance coefficients were 0.438 and 0.409 respectively（both P<0.001）. In the second round of the Delphi survey，the mean score for item importance ranged from 4.70 to 4.98，with the coefficient of variation ranging from 0.03 to 0.10. The finalized consensus covers 7 dimensions，including educational targets，educators，educational objectives，educational content，educational preparation，educational implementation and effect evaluation. Conclusion This “consensus” possesses certain scientific validity and operability，while further verification and optimization are required in different clinical situations.

Key words: Palliative Care, Death Education, Terminal State, Expert Consensus, Nursing Care

中华护理学会安宁疗护专业委员会, 安徽省护理学会安宁疗护专业委员会 (执笔：李凤侠, 胡成文, 谌永毅, 朱小明, 应文娟, 项伟岚, 冷菲菲, 顾道琴, 刘筝筝, 许宝惠, 孙丽, 王亚萍, 沈博婷). 安宁疗护患者死亡教育专家共识[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2026, 61(19): 2632-2637.

Palliative Care Professional Committee of Chinese Nursing Association, Palliative Care Professional Committee of Anhui Province Nurs-ing Association (Writing Committee：LI Fengxia, HU Chengwen, CHEN Yongyi, ZHU Xiaoming, YING Wen-juan, XIANG Weilan, LENG Feifei, GU Daoqin, LIU Zhengzheng, XU Baohui, SUN Li, WANG Yaping, SHEN Boting). Expert consensus on death education for patients undergoing palliative care[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2026, 61(19): 2632-2637.

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安宁疗护患者死亡教育专家共识

Expert consensus on death education for patients undergoing palliative care

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