基于人体三维模型的生物力学仿真在压力性损伤预防中应用的范围综述

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.08.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的对国内外基于人体三维模型的有限元分析（finite element analysis，FEA）在压力性损伤（pressure ulcer，PU）预防中应用的原始研究进行范围审查，旨在提供改善PU预防策略的新方向。方法系统检索PubMed、Embase、CINAHL、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、万方数据库、维普医学数据库、Engineering Village Compendex等数据库，检索时限为建库至2024年7月29日。以澳大利亚乔安娜布里格斯研究所的范围综述指南为方法学框架，对结果进行分析和规范化报告。结果纳入30篇文献。基于人体三维模型的FEA一般方法为建立几何模型、网格划分、定义材料属性、施加载荷和边界条件、方程求解。根据纳入研究的主要内容，基于人体三维模型的FEA在PU预防中的应用涉及风险人群识别（n=9）、体位管理（n=9）、预防性敷料（n=10）、支撑面（n=7）4个范畴。结论基于人体三维模型的FEA为PU生物力学机制研究创造了条件，为临床预防措施的补充和优化提供了科学依据。未来研究应一方面加强临床实践与仿真技术的结合，另一方面需不断优化仿真技术和干预方案。

关键词: 压力性损伤, 护理, 有限元分析, 生物力学现象, 范围综述

Abstract:

Objective A scoping review of domestically and internationally published studies on finite element analysis（FEA） based on three-dimensional（3D） human body model in preventing pressure ulcer（PU） was conducted，aiming to provide new directions for improving the prevention strategies of pressure ulcer. Methods We conducted a systematic search in both Chinese and English medical databases，including PubMed，Embase，CINAHL，Web of Science，Cochrane Library，Sinomed，CNKI，Wanfang and VIP，and engineering database（Engineering Village Compen-dex）. The search period was from the inception of each database to July 29，2024. The information was extracted，and the results were analyzed and standardized for reporting. Results A total of 30 studies were included. The general methods of FEA based on 3D human body model include establishing geometric model，meshing，defining material properties，loading and setting boundary conditions，and solving equations. According to the contents of studies，they could be categorized into 4 distinct application domains，including identification of risk groups（n=9），position management（n=9），preventive dressings（n=10） and supportive surfaces（n=7）. Conclusion FEA based on 3D human body model provides a foundation to PU biomechanical mechanism research and a scientific basis to the supplement and optimization of clinical prevention. Future studies should integrate clinical problems with simulations and further optimize simulations techniques and protocols.

Key words: Pressure Ulcer, Nursing Care, Finite Element Analysis, Biomechanical Phenomena, Scoping Review

冉凌霄, 王东敏, 许珂, 王聪, 曹华, 寸薇, 蒋艳. 基于人体三维模型的生物力学仿真在压力性损伤预防中应用的范围综述[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2025, 60(8): 1012-1018.

RAN Lingxiao, WANG Dongmin, XU Ke, WANG Cong, CAO Hua, CUN Wei, JIANG Yan. Application of biomechanical simulation based on three-dimensional human body model in preventing pressure ulcers：a scoping review[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2025, 60(8): 1012-1018.

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