儿科护士实施儿童医疗恐惧干预的促进与障碍因素质性研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.05.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解儿科护士在实施儿童医疗恐惧干预过程中的促进因素与障碍因素，为探索有效应对儿童医疗恐惧的干预策略提供依据。方法采用目的抽样法，于2023年12月—2024年2月，对温州市某三级甲等儿童医院的20名儿科护士进行面对面半结构式访谈，采用传统内容分析法对资料进行分析。结果提炼出儿科护士实施儿童医疗恐惧干预的4个促进因素（意识到医疗恐惧干预的重要性、个体同理心的驱动、同伴的正向支持、适儿化医院环境建设）及3个障碍因素（缺乏医疗恐惧个体化干预技能、工作负荷过重、家长消极情绪行为的干扰）。结论影响儿科护士实施儿童医疗恐惧干预的因素较多。建议临床护理管理者加强对儿科护士有关儿童医疗恐惧干预知识的系统培训，联合多学科专家，招募社会工作者或志愿者，协同护士、患儿家长共同应对儿童医疗恐惧，促进住院患儿的身心健康。

关键词: 计划行为理论, 护士, 行为意向, 医疗恐惧, 质性研究, 儿科护理学

Abstract:

Objective To understand the facilitating and obstacle factors for pediatric nurses in implementing interventions for children’s medical fears and to provide a foundation for exploring intervention strategies for pediatric nurses to effectively tackle children’s medical fears. Methods By purposive sampling，face-to-face interviews were conducted with 20 pediatric nurses in a tertiary-level A children’s hospital in Wenzhou City from December 2023 to February 2024. Traditional content analysis was used for data analysis. Results Facilitators and obstacle factors to the implementation of medical fear interventions by pediatric nurses were extracted. The 4 sub-themes of the facilitator theme include awareness of the importance of medical fear intervention，the drive of individual empathy，positive peer support，and the construction of a suitable hospital environment. The 3 sub-themes of the obstacle theme include the lack of individualized intervention skills for medical fear，heavy workload，interference from negative emotional behavior of family members. Conclusion There are many factors influencing paediatric nurses to implement medical fear interventions for children. It is recommended that clinical nursing administrators should strengthen the systematic training of pediatric nurses’ knowledge about medical fear interventions for children，unite with multidisciplinary experts，and recruit medical social workers or volunteers to collaborate with nurses and children’s families to cope with children’s medical fears together and to promote physical and mental health of hospitalized children.

Key words: Theory of Planned Behavior, Nurses, Behavioral Intention, Medical Fear, Qualitative Research, Pediatric Nursing

陈千禾, 陈军, 蒋凯瑶, 吴晓楠, 洪婉婷, 张春梅. 儿科护士实施儿童医疗恐惧干预的促进与障碍因素质性研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2025, 60(5): 575-580.

CHEN Qianhe, CHEN Jun, JIANG Kaiyao, WU Xiaonan, HONG Wanting, ZHANG Chunmei. Qualitative study on the facilitating and obstacle factors of the pediatric medical fear intervention by pediatric nurses[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2025, 60(5): 575-580.

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