虚拟现实辅助下肝移植患者术后运动干预方案的构建及应用研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.21.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的构建虚拟现实辅助下肝移植患者术后运动干预方案并评价其应用效果，旨在为实施肝移植患者术后运动干预提供借鉴。方法通过文献检索、半结构式访谈、专家函询构建虚拟现实辅助下肝移植患者术后运动干预方案。采用便利抽样法，选取2024年4—10月在青岛市某三级甲等综合医院器官移植中心行肝移植手术的患者作为研究对象，试验组与对照组各纳入50例患者，试验组在常规护理的基础上给予虚拟现实辅助下的运动干预，对照组给予常规护理，干预时间为术后2 d至出院当天。比较两组干预后的锻炼意向情况、肝脏衰弱指数、日常生活能力、首次排气时间、首次下床活动时间、术后住院时间等的差异。结果两组无样本脱落。干预后，试验组的锻炼意向得分、日常生活能力得分均高于对照组，差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.001），试验组肝脏衰弱指数得分、首次排气时间、首次下床活动时间、术后住院时间均低于对照组，差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.001）。结论实施虚拟现实辅助下肝移植患者术后运动干预可提高肝移植患者的术后康复锻炼意向，减轻术后衰弱情况，促进肝移植患者术后胃肠功能的恢复，促进早期下床活动，缩短住院天数，提高日常生活能力。

关键词: 肝移植, 虚拟现实, 运动, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To develop a virtual reality-assisted exercise intervention program for liver transplantation and preliminarily analyse its application effect，providing evidence-based insights for implementing relevant interventions. Methods The virtual reality-assisted exercise intervention program for liver transplantation was developed through literature review，semi-structured interviews，and expert consultation. Patients undergoing liver transplantation at a tertiary hospital organ transplant center in Qingdao were selected as the study subjects by a convenience sampling method from April 2024 to October 2024. The experimental group and the control group included 50 patients in each group. The experimental group was treated with the virtual reality-assisted exercise intervention，while the control group was treated with routine nursing，and the intervention period lasted from postoperative day 2 until the day of discharge. Outcome indicators included exercise intention，frailty index，activities of daily living（ADL），time to first flatus，time to first ambulation，and postoperative hospital stay. Results In the intervention study，the experimental group exhibited significantly higher exercise intention scores（P<0.001） and ADL scores（P<0.001），along with significantly lower frailty index scores（P<0.001），shorter time to first flatus（P<0.001），earlier ambulation（P<0.001），and reduced postoperative hospital stay（P<0.001） compared to the control group. Conclusion For liver transplant recipients，virtual reality-assisted postoperative exercise intervention can increase rehabilitation exercise intention，alleviate postoperative frailty，promote the recovery of gastrointestinal function，facilitate early ambulation，shorten the length of hospital stay，and improve activities of daily living.

Key words: Liver Transplant, Virtual Reality, Exercise, Nursing Care

孙慧慧, 庄金珊, 程莉洁, 刘青青, 刘梦斐, 徐庆国, 张丙良. 虚拟现实辅助下肝移植患者术后运动干预方案的构建及应用研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2025, 60(21): 2565-2571.

SUN Huihui, ZHUANG Jinshan, CHENG Lijie, LIU Qingqing, LIU Mengfei, XU Qingguo, ZHANG Bingliang. Construction and application research of a virtual reality-assisted exercise intervention program for liver transplantation[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2025, 60(21): 2565-2571.

图/表 4

表1 虚拟现实辅助下肝移植患者术后运动干预方案

Table 1 The virtual reality-assisted exercise intervention program for liver transplantation

表2 两组一般资料的比较

Table 2 General baseline data of 2 groups of patients

表3 两组首次排气时间、首次下床活动时间、术后住院时间的比较（d，$\bar{x} \pm s$）

Table 3 Comparison of first flatus time，first ambulation time, and postoperative hospital stay between 2 groups（d，$\bar{x} \pm s$）

表4 两组锻炼意向得分、肝脏衰弱指数得分、Barthel指数得分的比较（分，$\bar{x} \pm s$）

Table 4 Comparison of exercise intention，frailty status and activities of daily living score between 2 groups （scores， $\bar{x} \pm s$）

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