基于老年人胃排空特点的结肠镜检查肠道准备饮水方案的构建及应用研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.20.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解老年人结肠镜检查肠道准备饮水全程中的胃排空特点，构建结肠镜检查肠道准备饮水方案，旨在提高老年人饮水舒适度和肠道准备质量。方法 2024年4—9月应用胃超声技术监测老年人在肠道准备饮水全程中的胃排空指标，总结胃排空特点；2024年10月结合文献回顾及专家论证，构建基于老年人胃排空特点的肠道准备饮水方案。采用便利抽样法，选取2024年11月—2025年1月入住北京市2所三级甲等综合医院行结肠镜检查的90例老年人作为研究对象，2024年12月—2025年1月入组老年人为试验组，实施基于老年人胃排空特点的肠道准备饮水方案；2024年11月入组老年人为对照组，实施常规肠道准备饮水方案。比较两组饮水舒适度视觉模拟评分、不良反应发生例数、饮水总量、肠道准备质量波士顿评分等指标的差异。结果试验组饮水舒适度视觉模拟评分、饮水总量、末次大便性状合格率、肠道准备质量均优于对照组（P<0.05），试验组恶心、腹胀发生例数低于对照组（P<0.05），两组肠道准备总时长比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论基于老年人胃排空特点的肠道准备饮水方案适应老年人生理特点，可提高其饮水耐受性和舒适度，同时提升肠道准备质量。

关键词: 老年人, 结肠镜检查, 肠道准备, 饮水, 胃超声, 胃排空, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To explore the characteristics of gastric emptying in the whole process of drinking water for colonoscopy in the elderly，and to develop an elderly-friendly drinking water program，thereby improving the comfort and the quality of bowel preparation. Methods From April to September 2024，gastric ultrasound was used to monitor gastric emptying indicators in the whole process of drinking water for colonoscopy in the elderly，summarizing its physiological features. On this basis，in October 2024，through literature review and expert argumentation，a bowel preparation drinking water program that meets the characteristics of gastric emptying in the elderly was developed. A convenience sample of 90 elderly patients scheduled for colonoscopy at 2 tertiary hospitals in Beijing was enrolled from November 2024 to January 2025. A non-concurrent controlled trial was conducted：an experimental group from December 2024 to January 2025 received the new elderly-friendly drinking water program，while a control group in November 2024 followed the conventional program. Outcomes included drinking comfort assessed via Visual Analogue Scale（VAS），adverse events，total fluid intake volume and bowel preparation quality via Boston Bowel Preparation Scale（BBPS）. Results The experimental group demonstrated superior VAS score（P<0.05），bowel preparation quality（P<0.05），total fluid intake（P<0.05），and higher compliance with optimal stool consistency（P<0.05），compared to the control group. The experimental group also exhibited a lower incidence of adverse events（P<0.05）. No significant difference was observed in total bowel preparation duration between 2 groups（P>0.05）. Conclusion The bowel preparation drinking water program based on the characteristics of gastric emptying in the elderly improved solution intake tolerance and bowel preparation quality，with practical implications for clinical implementation.

Key words: Aged, Colonoscopy, Bowel Preparation, Drink Water, Ultrasonography, Gastric Emptying, Nursing Care

张丽娟, 刘莹, 王贝, 石海燕, 李婷, 马燕兰. 基于老年人胃排空特点的结肠镜检查肠道准备饮水方案的构建及应用研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2025, 60(20): 2472-2478.

ZHANG Lijuan, LIU Ying, WANG Bei, SHI Haiyan, LI Ting, MA Yanlan. Construction and application of a bowel preparation drinking water program for colonoscopy based on the characteristics of gastric emptying in the elderly[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2025, 60(20): 2472-2478.

图/表 5

图1 1例75岁老年人空腹及饮水各杯次即刻胃窦横截面积注：A为空腹时CSA呈“牛眼征”；B为第1次饮水后即刻CSA；C为第2次饮水后即刻CSA；D为第3次饮水后即刻CSA；E为第4次饮水后即刻CSA；F为第5次饮水后即刻CSA。

Figure 1 Fasting CSA and immediate CSA after each cup of drinking water in a 75-year-old man

表1 基于老年人胃排空特点的肠道准备饮水方案

Table 1 Bowel preparation drinking water program based on the characteristics of gastric emptying in the elderly

表2 两组一般资料的比较（n=90）

Table 2 Comparison of general information between the 2 groups（n=90）

表3 干预前后两组饮水总量、饮水舒适度得分及不良反应发生情况的比较

Table 3 Comparison of total water intake，drinking comfort scores，and incidence of adverse reactions between 2 groups before and after intervention

表4 干预前后两组排便总次数、肠道准备总时长及肠道准备质量的比较

Table 4 Comparison of total bowel movements，bowel preparation duration，and preparation quality between 2 groups before and after intervention

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