青少年心境障碍患者用药体验的质性研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.10.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨青少年心境障碍患者的用药体验，为促进其用药依从性提供参考。方法采用目的抽样法，选取2023年8月—2024年2月于兰州市某三级甲等医院心理卫生科住院和门诊就诊的16例青少年心境障碍患者进行半结构式访谈，采用Colaizzi 7步分析法对资料进行分析。结果青少年心境障碍患者的用药体验包括4个主题：①认知体验（初始阶段的茫然、排斥；逐渐的习惯、接受；用药的自我污名）；②情绪体验（初始阶段对效果的期待；适应过程中对副作用的担忧、恐惧；长期坚持的焦虑、困扰；无法达到预期的失望、沮丧；对减药、停药的渴望）；③行为体验（无奈的坚持；用药行为不佳；校园中用药污名的应对；创伤性的服药自杀经历）；④用药过程遭遇多重阻碍（家人对药物的偏见、误解；同伴对用药的不理解；医护人员缺乏关怀与交流；精神卫生医疗资源的短缺；有限的药物知识获取渠道）。结论青少年心境障碍患者在用药过程中，认知和情绪体验呈现出多元且变化的过程，存在服药依从不佳、应对方式不良的行为体验；同时，青少年用药过程遭遇多重阻碍。未来应根据青少年药物治疗的体验和需求，积极探索以患者为中心的个性化护理和干预策略。

关键词: 心境障碍, 青少年, 用药体验, 儿科护理学, 质性研究

Abstract:

Objective The aim of this study is to explore the medication experience of adolescents with mood disorders，providing references for promoting their medication adherence. Methods Descriptive qualitative research was utilized. A total of 16 teenager patients with mood disorders from a tertiary A hospital in Lanzhou City，were selected for semi-structured interviews by purposive sampling. The data was analyzed by the Colaizzi 7-step analysis method. Results A total of 4 themes were extracted. ①Cognitive experiences（Confusion and rejection at the initial stage；acceptance and compromise with time；self-stigmatization of medication）. ②Emotional experiences （expectations of medication effects at the initial stage；concerns and fears about side effects；anxiety of long-term medication；disappointment of the effect；desire for medication reduction）. ③Behavioral experiences（helpless persistence；poor medication behavior；coping with medication stigma on campus；traumatic experience of suicide by taking an overdose）. ④Multiple obstacles to the medication（family prejudice and misconceptions about medication；lack of acceptance and understanding by peers；lack of care and communication from health professionals；shortage of mental healthcare resources；limited access to medication information）. Conclusion In the process of medication，the cognitive and emotional experience of adolescent patients with mood disorders showed multiple and changing characteristics，and there were behavioral experiences of poor medication compliance and poor coping style. At the same time，adolescents expressed diverse needs for medication. In the future，we should actively explore patient-centered personalized nursing according to the dynamic experience and demand of adolescents for drug treatment.

Key words: Mood Disorders, Adolescents, Medication Experience, Pediatric Nursing, Qualitative Research

杜冰, 章子怡, 尹敏. 青少年心境障碍患者用药体验的质性研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2025, 60(10): 1223-1229.

DU Bing, ZHANG Ziyi, YIN Min. The medication experience of adolescents with mood disorders：a qualitative research[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2025, 60(10): 1223-1229.

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