气管套管可调节封堵装置的设计和应用

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2023.20.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的自行设计气管套管可调节封堵装置，探讨其在气管切开患者封堵操作中的应用效果。方法气管套管可调节封堵装置由封堵盖和连接管2个部分组成，整体长度30 mm，材质为邵氏硬度70°~80°硬质医用硅橡胶。便利选取2022年2月—9月重庆市某三级甲等医院行气管切开封堵管患者60例作为应用对象。采用SPSS 24.0统计软件进行随机分组，分为试验组与对照组，每组各30例。试验组采用气管套管可调节封堵装置进行封堵管。对照组采用一次性使用无菌溶药注射器（20 ml）活塞帽进行全堵管。比较两组封堵装置脱出次数、气管套管拔管成功率、封堵时间、全封堵时通气流量。结果封堵装置脱出次数，试验组为0（0，0）次，对照组为0（0，1）次；气管套管拔管成功率，试验组为100%，对照组为66.67%；气管套管封堵时间，试验组为（2.37±1.83） d，对照组为（3.45±1.10） d；全堵管时气管套管的通气流量，试验组为（12.85±2.46） L/min，对照组为（18.70±5.58） L/min；两组比较，差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.001）。结论使用气管套管可调节封堵装置，可有效降低封堵装置脱出次数，缩短气管套管封堵时间，提高封堵装置密闭性和气管套管拔管成功率。

关键词: 气管套管封堵装置, 封堵技术, 气管切开术, 护理

Abstract:

Objective This study designed and modified an adjustable tracheal cannula occlusion device，and explored its efficacy in occlusion operation on patients undergoing tracheotomy. Methods The novel adjustable tracheal cannula occlusion device was composed of 2 segments which is an occlusion cap and a connecting cannula，with an overall length of 30 mm. The cannula was made of hard medical silicone rubber with a Shore hardness of 70° to 80°. From February 2022 to September 2022，60 tracheotomy patients with occlusion cannula in a tertiary care hospital in Chongqing were enrolled as the research subjects. Random grouping was performed using SPSS 24.0 statistical software to assign the patients into an experimental group and a control group，with 30 patients in each group. The control group was fully plugged with a sterile single-use syringe piston cap，whereas the experimental group was plugged applying the modified adjustable tracheal cannula occlusion device. The 2 groups were compared for the numbers of dislodgements of the 2 occlusion devices and successful extubation of the tracheal cannulas，time of occlusion，and tightness during complete occlusion. Results The number of dislodgement of the device per patient was 0（0，1） in the control group and 0（0，0） in the experimental group. The rate of suc-cessful tracheal cannula extraction was 66.67% in the control group and 100% in the experimental group. In average，the occlusion duration of tracheal cannula was （3.45±1.10） days in the control group and （2.37±1.83） days in the experimental group. The air flow rate of the cannula during complete occlusion was（18.70±5.58） L/min in the control group and（12.85±2.46） L/min in the experimental group. The comparison of the 2 groups showed statistically significant differences（P<0.001）. Conclusion Applying the modified adjustable tracheal cannula occlusion device can effectively reduce dislodgement of the occlusion device，as well as the occlusion time required per patient，while at the same time it improves the plugging of the device and promotes the success rate of tracheal cannula extraction.

Key words: Tracheal Cannula Occlusion Device, Occlusion Technique, Tracheotomy, Nursing Care

何雪, 田甜, 王峰, 刘文代. 气管套管可调节封堵装置的设计和应用[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2023, 58(20): 2558-2561.

HE Xue, TIAN Tian, WANG Feng, LIU Wendai. The design and application of an adjustable tracheal cannula occlusion device[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2023, 58(20): 2558-2561.

图/表 2

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