社区居家失能老年人吞咽安全科普作品的设计及制作

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2022.16.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的设计并制作基于证据的社区居家失能老年人吞咽安全科普作品。方法采用循证护理及德尔菲法，经文献系统检索、文献质量评价、证据提取及证据级别评定，形成最佳证据总结，并通过两轮专家函询，构建吞咽安全教育内容体系，基于该体系，对文本内容进行细化及科普性转化，由多学科团队共同设计并制作系列科普作品。结果从安全教育目标、吞咽困难识别、吞咽功能锻炼、口腔健康管理等8个方面总结共31条最佳证据;2轮函询专家积极性、意见权威性及协调度均较好，最终确立的社区居家失能老年人吞咽安全教育内容体系包含4个一级指标、11个二级指标、21个三级指标;吞咽安全系列科普作品包括手册、视频、音频，具有通俗易懂、生动形象、要点突出等特点。结论社区居家失能老年人吞咽安全科普作品研发过程科学，注重科普作品的友好化设计，为其他学者制作健康科普类作品提供方法借鉴。

关键词: 循证护理, 失能, 吞咽, 老年人, 健康教育, 科普作品

Abstract:

Objective To design and make popular works of swallowing safety for the home-dwelling disabled elderly. Methods The evidence-based nursing and Delphi method were used to form the best evidence summary through literature retrieval and appraisal, evidence extraction and evidence level evaluation. The swallowing safety education system was constructed through 2 rounds of expert consultations. Based on this system, the content was refined and transformed into popular works, and then the popular works were designed and developed by multidisciplinary teams. Results 31 pieces of evidence were summarized from 8 aspects, such as safety education objective，identification of dysphagia，swallowing function exercise，oral management，etc. 2 rounds of consultations showed good initiative，authority and coordination，and the final system included 4 primary indicators，11 secondary indicators and 21 tertiary indicators. The popular works of swallowing safety included manuals，videos and audios，which were easy to understand，vivid and point-prominent. Conclusion The development method of popular works of swallowing safety for home-dwelling disabled elderly is scientific and feasible. It is suggested that creators should strengthen the scientificity，people-orientation and originality of popular works. This study can provide methodological references for other scholars to develop health popular works.

Key words: Evidence-Based Nursing, Disabled, Swallowing, Aged, Health Education, Popular Works

许文馨, 黄欢欢, 王俊, 曹松梅, 唐煦萌, 肖明朝, 赵庆华. 社区居家失能老年人吞咽安全科普作品的设计及制作[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2022, 57(16): 1976-1982.

XU Wenxin, HUANG Huanhuan, WANG Jun, CAO Songmei, TANG Xumeng, XIAO Mingzhao, ZHAO Qinghua. Development of evidence-based popular works of swallowing safety for home-dwelling disabled elderly[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2022, 57(16): 1976-1982.

图/表 6

表1 团队成员职责

Table 1 Division of labors and duties of team members

表2 指南的质量评价结果（n=5）

Table 2 Appraisal results of guidelines（n=5）

表3 社区居家失能老年人吞咽安全教育最佳证据总结

Table 3 Evidence summery of swallowing safety education for home-dwelling disabled elderly

续表3 社区居家失能老年人吞咽安全教育最佳证据总结

Table 3（Continued） Evidence summery of swallowing safety education for home-dwelling disabled elderly

表4 专家一般资料（n=22）

Table 4 Characteristics of experts（n=22）

表5 社区居家失能老年人吞咽安全教育内容

Table 5 System of swallowing safety education for home-dwelling disabled elderly

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