美国骨科开业护士与我国骨科专科护士的发展现状及启示

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2022.10.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

美国骨科开业护士发展较早、培养体系成熟,该文从美国骨科开业护士的起源与发展、准入条件与认证考核、实践范畴、培养模式、继续教育等方面分析,结合国内骨科专科护士现状,对骨科专科护士工作和培养进行综述,为国内培养应用型骨科专科护理人才提供借鉴。

Abstract:

The development of orthopedic nurse practitioners in the United States is early and the training system is mature. This paper introduces the development status of orthopedic nurse practitioners in United States and orthopedic specialist nurses in China from the origin,admission requirements,certification assessment,scope of practice,training mode and continuing education. On the basis of referring to nurse practitioners in the United States,combined with the current situation of orthopedic specialist nurses in our country,the current situation of orthopedic nurses in the 2 countries is analyzed. This paper summarizes the differences between 2 countries,aiming to provide a reference for our country to develop high-quality applied specialist nursing talents.

Key words: Orthopedics, Nurse Practitioner, Advanced Nursing Practice, Orthopedic Specialist Nurse, Review

黄海韵, 俞凤彬, 田蓓. 美国骨科开业护士与我国骨科专科护士的发展现状及启示[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2022, 57(10): 1199-1205.

HUANG Haiyun, YU Fengbin, TIAN Bei. The current situation and comparative analysis of orthopedic nurse practitioners in the United States and orthopedic specialist nurses in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2022, 57(10): 1199-1205.

图/表 1

参考文献 53

[1]	国家卫生和计划生育委员会. 全国护理事业发展规划(2016-2020年)[J]. 中国护理管理, 2017, 17(1):1-5.
	National Health and Family Commission. National development plan for nursing(2016-2020)[J]. Chin Nurs Manag, 2017, 17(1):1-5.
[2]	黄金月, 夏海鸥. 高级护理实践[M]. 3版. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2018.
	Huang JY, Xia HO. Advanced nursing practice[M]. 3rd ed. Beijing: People’s Medical Publishing House, 2018.
[3]	赵亚芳, 绳宇. 国外开业护士的管理及启示[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2019, 54(1):155-159.
	Zhao YF, Sheng Y. The development of overseas nurse practitioners and its enlightenment to China[J]. Chin J Nurs, 2019, 54(1):155-159.
[4]	Gates SJ. Continuity of care:the orthopaedic nurse practitioner in tertiary care[J]. Orthop Nurs, 1993, 12(5):48-50,66. PMID
[5]	Dame AH. The medical memories roadshow[EB/OL]. [2021-11-19]. https://medicalmemories.wixsite.com/medicalmemories/dame-agnes-hunt.
[6]	Ford LC. Reflections on 50 years of change[J]. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract, 2015, 27(6):294-295. DOI URL
[7]	Historical Timeline[EB/OL]. (2021-08-29) [2021-11-23]. https://www.aanp.org/about/about-the-american-association-of-nurse-pra-ctitioners-aanp/historical-timeline.
[8]	Scope of practice for nurse practitioners[EB/OL]. [2021-11-19]. https://www.aanp.org/advocacy/advocacy-resour-ce/position-state-ments/scope-of-practice-for-nurse-practitioners.
[9]	NP fact sheet[EB/OL]. [2021-11-20]. https://www.aanp.org/about/all-about-nps/np-fact-sheet.
[10]	Mission,vision,core beliefs-orthopaedic nurses certification board[EB/OL]. [2021-11-20]. https://www.oncb.org/about-oncb/mi-ssion-vision-values/.
[11]	NP certification-orthopaedic nurses certification board[EB/OL]. [2021-11-20]. https://www.oncb.org/apn-certifica-tion/.
[12]	NP exam eligibility-orthopaedic nurses certification board[EB/OL]. [2021-11-20]. https://www.oncb.org/certi-fications/onp-c-certification/apn-exam-eligibility/.
[13]	Recertification requirements and fees-orthopaedic nurses certification board[EB/OL].[2021-11-20]. https://www.oncb.org/re-certification/apn-recertification/apn-recertifica-tion-requirements-and-fees/.
[14]	Scholarships and awards-orthopaedic nurses certification board[EB/OL]. [2021-11-20]. https://www.oncb.org/certifications/onc-certification/scholarships-and-awards/.
[15]	O’Rourke N. The orthopaedic nurse practitioner:breaking tradition to fill gaps in care delivery through varied scopes of practice[J]. Int J Orthop Trauma Nurs, 2020, 12(17):100843.
[16]	Harvey CV, David J, Eckhouse DR, et al. The national association of orthopaedic nurses(NAON) scope and standards of ortho-paedic nursing practice,3rd edition[J]. Orthop Nurs, 2013, 32(3):139-152. DOI PMID
[17]	National Council of State Boards of Nursing. The consensus model for APRN regulation,licensure,accreditation,certification,and education[EB/OL]. [2021-11-20]. https://www.ncsbn.org/Consensus_Model_for_APRN_Regulation_July_2008.pdf.
[18]	National Task Force on Quality Nurse Practitioner Education. 2016 criteria for evaluation of nurse practitioner programs. 5th edition[EB/OL]. [2021-11-20]. https://www.aacnnursing.org/Portals/42/AcademicNursing/CurriculumGuidelines/Criteria-Eva-luation-NP-2016.pdf.
[19]	American Association of Colleges of Nursing. The essentials of masters education in nursing[EB/OL]. [2021-11-20]. https://www.aacnnursing.org/Portals/42/Publications/MastersEssentials-11.pdf.
[20]	Orthopedics specialty \| Duke University school of nursing[EB/OL]. (2021-04-27)[2021-11-23]. https://nursing.duke.edu/aca-demic-programs/msn-master-science-nursing/orthopedics-specialty.
[21]	What’s a nurse practitioner(NP)?[EB/OL]. [2021-11-20]. https://www.aanp.org/about/all-about-nps/whats-a-nurse-practitioner.
[22]	DNP position statement[EB/OL]. (2021-04-27) [2021-11-23]. https://www.aacnnursing.org/DNP/Position-Statement.
[23]	AACN fact sheet-DNP[EB/OL].(2021-09-01) [2021-11-23]. https://www.aacnnursing.org/News-Information/Fact-Sheets/DNP-Fact-Sheet.
[24]	Orthopaedic education-University of Rochester medical center -rochester,NY[EB/OL].(2021-09-02) [2021-11-23]. https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/orthopaedics/app-fellowship.cfm.
[25]	NAON:education[EB/OL]. (2021-04-27) [2021-11-23]. http://www.orthonurse.org/page/education.
[26]	Education-American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons[EB/OL]. (2021-04-27) [2021-11-23]. https://www.aaos.org/education/.
[27]	Education events-American Orthopaedic Association[EB/OL]. [2021-11-23]. https://www.aoassn.org/education-events/.
[28]	ACSM events meetings conferences[EB/OL]. (2021-04-27) [2021-11-23]. https://www.acsm.org/attend-connect/events-and-confe-rences.
[29]	Physician education \| Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America(POSNA)[EB/OL]. (2021-04-27) [2021-11-23]. https://posna.org/Physician-Education.
[30]	AANP Education[EB/OL]. [2021-11-20]. https://www.aanp.org/education.
[31]	孔甜. 骨科护理专业培养与发展之路[J]. 中国护理管理, 2014, 14(12):1244-1247.
	Kong T. Summary of the road of Hong Kong orthopaedic nurs-ing training and development[J]. Chin Nurs Manag, 2014, 14(12):1244-1247.
[32]	香港将助粤培养500名专科护士6月第一批赴港-搜狐广东[EB/OL].(2007-05-17) [2021-11-23]. http://gd.sohu.com/20070517/n250069643.shtml.
	Hong Kong will help Guangdong train 500 specialist nurses,the first batch of nurses will go to Hong Kong in June-Sohu Guangdong[EB/OL]. (2007-05-17) [2021-11-23]. http://gd.sohu.com/20070517/n250069643.shtml.
[33]	罗春梅, 宋彩萍, 张玉梅, 等. 中美骨科专科护士培训现状与进展[J]. 局解手术学杂志, 2015, 24(5):565-568.
	Luo CM, Song CP, Zhang YM, et al. Training status and progress of orthopaedic specialized nurse in China and America[J]. J Reg Anat Oper Surg, 2015, 24(5):565-568.
[34]	中华护理学会关于举办2021年骨科专科护士培训班通知-中华护理学会[EB/OL]. (2021-09-30) [2021-11-23]. http://www.cna-cast.org.cn/cnaWebcn/article/3163-.
	Notice of the Chinese Nursing Association on holding the 2021 orthopedic specialist nurse training course-Chinese Nursing Association[EB/OL]. (2021-09-30) [2021-11-23]. http://www.cnacast.org.cn/cnaWebcn/article/3163-.
[35]	胡三莲, 钱会娟, 何丹, 等. 上海骨科专科护士培训模式的实践与思考[J]. 解放军护理杂志, 2015, 32(14):68-70,76.
	Hu SL, Qian HJ, He D, et al. Practice and reflection of the Shanghai orthopedic specialist nurse training mode[J]. Nurs J Chin PLA, 2015, 32(14):68-70,76.
[36]	王洁, 霍孝蓉, 邹叶芳, 等. 基于专科临床实践能力的骨科专科护士培养[J]. 护士进修杂志, 2017, 32(8):715-718.
	Wang J, Huo XR, Zou YF, et al. Training of orthopaedic specialist nurses based on specialist clinical practice ability[J]. J Nurs Train, 2017, 32(8):715-718.
[37]	陈炳琦. 台湾专科护理师制度建设历程[J]. 现代泌尿外科杂志, 2019, 24(5):329-331.
	Chen BQ. The construction process of Taiwan’s nurse practitioners system[J]. J Mod Urol, 2019, 24(5):329-331.
[38]	丁炎明, 吴欣娟, 王秀英, 等. 我国地市级以上护理学会专科护士培训的调查研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2020, 55(5):747-750.
	Ding YM, Wu XJ, Wang XY, et al. Investigation on training of specialized nurses developed by nursing associations at all le-vels in China[J]. Chin J Nurs, 2020, 55(5):747-750.
[39]	樊晓奇. 骨科专科护士岗位管理体系的构建[D]. 荆州:长江大学, 2019.
	Fan XQ. The construction of post management system for orthopaedic specialist nurses[D]. Jingzhou:Yangtze University, 2019.
[40]	樊晓奇, 刘娟, 谢红珍, 等. 骨科专科护士岗位管理现状的调查[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2020, 55(8):1223-1228.
	Fan XQ, Liu J, Xie HZ, et al. A survey of the position management status for orthopedic specialist nurses[J]. Chin J Nurs, 2020, 55(8):1223-1228.
[41]	廖晨霞, 李伦兰, 刘静, 等. 骨科专科护士培训与管理的研究进展[J]. 护士进修杂志, 2019, 34(11):979-981.
	Liao CX, Li LL, Liu J, et al. Research and prospect of training and management of orthopedic specialist nurses[J]. J Nurs Train, 2019, 34(11):979-981.
[42]	丁炎明, 吴欣娟, 田君叶, 等. 我国31个省份三级医院专科护士培养及管理的现状调查[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2021, 56(9):1357-1362.
	Ding YM, Wu XJ, Tian JY, et al. The current situation of the cultivation and development of specialty nurses in tertiary hospitals in China[J]. Chin J Nurs, 2021, 56(9):1357-1362.
[43]	祁金梅, 李伦兰. 骨科专科护士培训经验探讨[J]. 中国卫生人才, 2020(8):55-59.
	Qi JM, Li LL. Discussion on training experience of orthopaedic specialist nurses[J]. Chin Heal Hum Res, 2020(8):55-59.
[44]	庄一渝, 冯金娥, 隋伟静. 高级临床专科护士的设立与发展[J]. 中国护理管理, 2021, 21(9):1372-1376.
	Zhuang YY, Feng JE, Sui WJ. Review on the establishment and development of advanced practice nurses[J]. Chin Nurs Manag, 2021, 21(9):1372-1376.
[45]	Certification statistics-orthopaedic nurses certification board[EB/OL]. [2022-01-16]. https://www.oncb.org/cer-tification-statistics-2/.
[46]	Green D, Ruel J. Impact of advanced practice prehospital pro-grams on health care costs and ED overcrowding:a literature review[J]. Adv Emerg Nurs J, 2020, 42(2):128-136. DOI URL
[47]	Idzik S, Buchholz SW, Kelly-Weeder S, et al. Strategies to move entry-level nurse practitioner education to the doctor of nursing practice degree by 2025[J]. Nurse Educ, 2021, 46(6):336-341.
[48]	Park J, Faraz Covelli A, Pittman P. Effects of completing a postgraduate residency or fellowship program on primary care nurse practitioners’ transition to practice[J]. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract, 2021, 34(1):32-41. DOI URL
[49]	Pelkowski JN. Polypharmacy after elective orthopaedic surgery[J]. Orthop Nurs, 2020, 39(5):287-289. DOI PMID
[50]	苏曼曼, 彭芳敏, 李凯霖, 等. 骨科专科护士资质培训期望及培养策略的调查研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2018, 53(4):404-409.
	Su MM, Peng FM, Li KL, et al. Research on training expectations and training strategies for orthopedic clinical specialist nurses[J]. Chin J Nurs, 2018, 53(4):404-409.
[51]	毕娜, 张翠娜, 张延晖. 骨科专科护士履职现状调查及管理对策[J]. 中华现代护理杂志, 2019, 25(13):1631-1636.
	Bi N, Zhang CN, Zhang YH. Current situation of duty perfor-mance and management countermeasures among orthopedics specialized nurses[J]. Chin J Mod Nurs, 2019, 25(13):1631-1636.
[52]	罗丹. 居家骨科护理平台的设计及应用[J]. 护理研究, 2018, 32(11):1809-1811.
	Luo D. Design and application of home orthopedic nursing platform[J]. Nurs Res China, 2018, 32(11):1809-1811.
[53]	崔晓红. 骨科方向护理硕士专业学位研究生临床实践培养模式的初步构建[D]. 太原:山西医科大学, 2020.
	Cui XH. The preliminary construction of clinical practice training mode for postgraduates majoring in nursing in orthopedics[D]. Taiyuan:Shanxi Medical University, 2020.