癌症患者家庭照顾者照护倦怠的范围综述

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.19.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的对癌症患者家庭照顾者照护倦怠的相关研究进行范围综述，旨在为临床实践及后续研究的开展提供参考。方法采用范围综述方法学框架，系统检索国内外数据库中关于癌症患者家庭照顾者照护倦怠的文献，检索时限为建库至2025年10月17日，对纳入文献进行汇总和分析。结果共纳入22篇文献，包括横断面研究9篇、质性研究6篇、随机对照试验4篇、回顾性队列研究1篇、类实验研究1篇、混合性研究1篇。分析结果显示，癌症患者家庭照顾者有不同程度的照护倦怠；相关评估工具分为特异性倦怠评估工具（如Maslach倦怠量表）和包含倦怠维度的通用评估工具（如个人能力清单）；影响因素涵盖个体因素、照护负担与需求因素、社会与环境因素、心理因素4个方面，共10种因素；干预方案包括情绪调节类、照护知识与技能支持类、艺术创作类3个类别。结论癌症患者家庭照顾者存在不同程度的照护倦怠，影响因素具有多维性，干预方案以情绪调节为主。未来需开发针对癌症患者家庭照顾者照护倦怠的特异性评估工具，并开展以家庭为中心的综合性干预，以减轻其照护倦怠。

关键词: 癌症, 家庭照顾者, 照护倦怠, 范围综述, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To conduct a scoping review of research on caregiving burnout among family caregivers of cancer patients，aiming to comprehensively map the current state of research in this field and provide a reference for future studies. Methods Following the scoping review reporting framework，a systematic search of domestic and international literature on caregiving burnout among family caregivers of cancer patients was conducted. The search period spanned from database inception to October 17，2025. The included literature was summarized and analyzed. Results A total of 22 articles were included，comprising 9 cross-sectional studies，4 randomized controlled trials，6 qualitative studies，1 quasi-experimental study，1 retrospective cohort study，and 1 mixed-methods study. Family caregivers of cancer patients have different levels of caregiving burnout. Assessment tools primarily include burnout-specific instruments（eg，Maslach Burnout Inventory） and general assessment tools containing burnout dimensions （eg，Personal Competence Inventory）. Influencing factors encompass multiple dimensions，including caregiver individual dimension，caregiving burden and demand dimension，social and environmental dimension，and psychological dimension，for a total of 10 factors. Intervention programs involve emotion regulation interventions，caregiving knowledge and skills support，and creative arts interventions，all of which can alleviate caregivers’ burnout and improve their psychological state. Conclusion Family caregivers of cancer patients experience varying degrees of caregiver burnout，with multidimensional influencing factors. Current intervention programs primarily focus on emotion regulation. Future efforts should focus on developing specific assessment tools for caregiver burnout，and implement family-centered comprehensive interventions to alleviate caregiving burnout among family caregivers of cancer patients.

Key words: Cancer, Family Caregivers, Caregiver Burnout, Scoping Review, Nursing Care

刘肖艳, 韩晓娟, 徐晗, 商临萍. 癌症患者家庭照顾者照护倦怠的范围综述[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2026, 61(19): 2723-2730.

LIU Xiaoyan, HAN Xiaojuan, XU Han, SHANG Linping. Burnout in family caregivers of cancer patients：a scoping review[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2026, 61(19): 2723-2730.

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