2型糖尿病患者血糖监测障碍的现状及影响因素研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.19.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者血糖监测障碍现状及潜在剖面，并分析不同剖面的影响因素，为制订针对性干预措施提供依据。方法便利选取2025年9—10月在汕头市某三级甲等医院内分泌科门诊或住院诊治的305例2型糖尿病患者作为调查对象，采用一般资料调查表、糖尿病患者自我血糖监测障碍量表、广泛性焦虑量表、患者健康问卷抑郁症状量表、一般自我效能感量表、领悟社会支持量表及糖尿病自我管理量表进行调查。采用潜在剖面分析和多元Logistic回归进行统计分析。结果回收有效问卷301份。患者自我血糖监测障碍得分为（54.18±21.05）分，可分为3个类别：低障碍-自主支持型（21.26%）、中等障碍-认知不足型（40.86%）和高障碍-多维障碍型（37.87%）。合并症、并发症、糖尿病病程、接受过血糖监测健康教育、拥有血糖监测工具、焦虑、领悟社会支持、糖尿病自我管理水平是不同潜在剖面的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 2型糖尿病患者的血糖监测障碍存在明显异质性，医护人员应关注患者的血糖监测障碍状况，并根据不同剖面的患者制订个性化干预措施，以提高患者自我血糖监测依从性。

关键词: 2型糖尿病, 血糖监测, 影响因素, 潜在剖面分析, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To explore the current status and latent profiles of blood glucose monitoring barriers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM），and analyze the influencing factors of different profiles，so as to provide a basis for formulating targeted intervention measures. Methods A convenience sample of 305 patients with T2DM attending the endocrinology outpatient clinic or the ward of a tertiary hospital in Shantou from September to October 2025 were recruited. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire，the Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose Barriers Scale，the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale，the Patient Health Questionnaire，the General Self-Efficacy Scale，the Perceived Social Support Scale，and the Diabetes Self-Management Scale. Latent profile analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed for statistical analysis. Results A total of 301 valid questionnaires were obtained. The mean score of blood glucose monitoring barriers was（54.18±21.05） points. A total of 3 latent profiles were identified：low-barrier-autonomy/support type（21.26%），moderate-bar-rier-cognitive deficit type（40.86%），and high-barrier-multidimensional type（37.87%）. Comorbidities，complications，duration of diabetes，prior education on blood glucose monitoring，availability of monitoring devices，anxiety，perceived social support，and diabetes self-management level were significantly associated with profile membership（P<0.05）. Conclusion Blood glucose monitoring barriers among patients with T2DM exhibit marked heteroge-neity. Healthcare providers should assess patients’ barrier profiles and implement tailored interventions to improve adherence to self-monitoring of blood glucose.

Key words: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Blood Glucose Monitoring, Influcing Factor, Latent Profile Analysis, Nursing Care

郑嘉兴, 林思尹, 董丽丽. 2型糖尿病患者血糖监测障碍的现状及影响因素研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2026, 61(19): 2676-2683.

ZHENG Jiaxing, LIN Siyin, DONG Lili. A study on current status of blood glucose monitoring barriers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2026, 61(19): 2676-2683.

图/表 4

表1 调查对象基本特征与潜在剖面的差异性分析

Table 1 Analysis of differences in basic characteristics and potential profiles of the survey respondents

表2 2型糖尿病患者自我血糖监测障碍潜在类别分析模型拟合情况

Table 2 Fitting of potential category analysis model of self-monitoring of blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

图1 2型糖尿病患者自我血糖监测障碍潜在剖面的特征分布注：认知维度包括条目1~7，情绪维度包括条目8~15，行为与支持维度包括条目16~23。

Figure 1 Distribution characteristics of latent profiles of self-monitoring of blood glucose barriers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

表3 2型糖尿病患者自我血糖监测障碍潜在剖面的Logistic回归分析（n=301）

Table 3 Multivariate logistic regression of potential profiles of self-monitoring blood glucose impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus（n=301）

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