糖尿病足溃疡患者疾病进展恐惧的现状及影响因素研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.20.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨糖尿病足溃疡患者疾病进展恐惧现状并分析其影响因素，旨在为医护人员实施综合性、个性化护理干预提供借鉴。方法 2024年2月—2025年3月，采用方便抽样法，选取在6所三级甲等医院住院及门诊治疗的糖尿病足溃疡患者作为调查对象，采用一般资料调查表、日常生活活动能力量表、微型营养评估表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表、糖尿病足病人自我管理行为量表、恐惧疾病进展简化量表进行问卷调查并对结果进行分析。结果共发放191份调查问卷，回收有效问卷186份，有效问卷回收率为97.38%，糖尿病足溃疡患者疾病进展恐惧总分为（31.78±7.41）分；Logistic回归分析显示，营养状况、睡眠质量、糖尿病病程、有无合并其他慢性疾病、家庭人均月收入、有无医疗保险是患者疾病进展恐惧的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论糖尿病足溃疡患者的疾病进展恐惧水平较高，营养状况、睡眠质量、糖尿病病程、有无合并其他慢性疾病、家庭人均月收入、有无医疗保险是其影响因素。护士应根据影响因素针对性地采取护理措施，以减少患者疾病进展恐惧的发生。

关键词: 糖尿病足溃疡, 健康生态学模型, 疾病进展恐惧, 影响因素分析, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To explore the fear of ulcer recurrence in patients with diabetic foot and analyze its influencing factors，so as to provide strategies for medical staff to implement comprehensive and personalized nursing interventions. Methods From February 2024 to March 2025，convenience sampling was used to select inpatients and outpatients with diabetic foot ulcers from 6 tertiary hospitals in China as the survey subjects. The general information questionnaire，ADL，MNA，PSQI，Diabetic Foot Self-Management Behavior Scale and FOP-Q-SF were used to investigate and analyze the results. Results A total of 191 questionnaires were distributed and 186 valid questionnaires were returned，with an effective recovery rate of 97.38%. The total score of ulcer recurrence fear of diabetic foot patients was（31.78±7.41）. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that nutritional status，sleep quality，duration of diabetes，other chronic diseases，family per capita monthly income and medical insurance were the influencing factors of ulcer recurrence fear in patients with diabetic foot（P<0.05）. Conclusion Patients with diabetic foot have a high level of fear of ulcer recurrence. Nutritional status，sleep quality，duration of diabetes，combined with other chronic diseases，family per capita monthly income，and medical insurance are its influencing factors. Nursing staff should take targeted nursing measures according to its influencing factors to reduce the occurrence of patients’ fear of ulcer recurrence.

Key words: Diabetic Foot Ulcers, Health Ecological Model, Fear of Disease Progression, Root Cause Analysis, Nursing Care

王倩, 祝红娟, 史娜, 夏振华, 余红丽, 王利卫. 糖尿病足溃疡患者疾病进展恐惧的现状及影响因素研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2025, 60(20): 2486-2491.

WANG Qian, ZHU Hongjuan, SHI Na, XIA Zhenhua, YU Hongli, WANG Liwei. Current status and influencing factors of fear of ulcer recurrence in patients with diabetic foot/[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2025, 60(20): 2486-2491.

图/表 4

表1 糖尿病足溃疡患者的一般资料及疾病进展恐惧情况比较（分，$\bar{x} \pm s$）

Table 1 Comparison of general information and fear of disease progression in patients with diabetic foot ulcers（score，$\bar{x} \pm s$）

表2 自变量赋值方式

Table 2 Independent variable assignment

表3 糖尿病足溃疡患者疾病进展恐惧的Logistic回归分析（n=186）

Table 3 Logistic regression analysis of fear of disease progression in patients with diabetic foot ulcers（n=186）

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