医院-家庭过渡期健康管理方案在重症脑炎患儿照顾者中的应用研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.20.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨医院-家庭过渡期健康管理方案在重症脑炎患儿照顾者中的应用效果，为优化重症脑炎患儿过渡期照护模式提供参考。方法采用便利抽样法，选取2023年3月—2024年6月郑州市某三级甲等医院神经内科收治的84例重症脑炎患儿及其照顾者作为研究对象，按入院时间分为试验组与对照组，每组各42例。试验组在常规护理的基础上实施医院-家庭过渡期健康管理方案，对照组接受常规的护理与出院指导。比较干预前后两组照顾者获益感、照顾者照护负担、照顾者疾病管理能力及干预后两组患儿预后情况的差异。结果试验组及对照组各42例完成该研究。干预后试验组照顾者获益问卷得分为（91.29±9.76）分，高于对照组的（84.81±12.86）分；照顾者负担问卷得分为（48.55±7.15）分，低于对照组的（54.71±11.23）分；疾病管理能力分量表得分为（41.83±4.97）分，高于对照组的（37.79±5.23）分；疾病管理困难分量表得分为（31.52±7.82）分，低于对照组的（34.55±3.96）分，差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组患儿预后情况比较，差异无统计学意义（P=0.500）。结论医院-家庭过渡期健康管理方案可有效提升重症脑炎患儿照顾者的获益感及疾病管理能力，降低其照顾负担，为优化重症脑炎患儿过渡期照护提供科学依据。

关键词: 重症脑炎, 医院-家庭过渡期, 健康管理方案, 照顾者, 儿科护理学

Abstract:

Objective To explore the effectiveness of a hospital-to-home transitional health management program for caregivers of children with severe encephalitis，aiming to provide a reference for optimizing transitional care models for these patients. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select 84 children with severe encephalitis and their caregivers admitted to the neurology department of a tertiary hospital in Zhengzhou between March 2023 and June 2024. According to the admission time，they were divided into an experimental group and a control group，with 42 cases in each group. The experimental group received a hospital-to-home transitional health management program in addition to routine care，while the control group received standard care and discharge instructions. Differences in caregivers’ perceived benefits，caregiver burden，disease management ability，and post-intervention outcomes of the children were compared between the 2 groups before and after the intervention. Results All 42 participants in both groups completed the study. After the intervention，the experimental group reported higher perceived benefits of（91.29±9.76） compared to（84.81±12.86） in the control group，lower caregiver burden of（48.55±7.15） compared to（54.71±11.23） in the control group，greater disease management ability of （41.83±4.97） than（37.79±5.23） in the control group，and lower difficulty in disease management of（31.52±7.82） compared to（34.55±3.96） in the control group，with all differences being statistically significant（P<0.05）. No statistically significant difference was found in the prognosis of the children between the 2 groups（P=0.500）. Conclusion The hospital-to-home transitional health management program can effectively enhance caregivers’ perceived benefits and disease management capabilities，reduce their caregiving burden，and provide scientific evidence for optimizing transitional care for children with severe encephalitis.

Key words: Severe Encephalitis, Hospital-to-Home Transition, Health Management Program, Caregivers, Pediatric Nursing

贺秋平, 刘婷婷, 鲁方方, 曹苗苗, 崔伟伟, 王葳, 王营, 石彩晓. 医院-家庭过渡期健康管理方案在重症脑炎患儿照顾者中的应用研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2025, 60(20): 2479-2485.

HE Qiuping, LIU Tingting, LU Fangfang, CAO Miaomiao, CUI Weiwei, WANG Wei, WANG Ying, SHI Caixiao. Application study of a hospital-to-home transitional health management program for caregivers of children with severe encephalitis[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2025, 60(20): 2479-2485.

图/表 4

表1 重症脑炎患儿医院-家庭过渡期健康管理方案

Table 1 The hospital-family transitional health management program for children with severe encephalitis

表2 两组一般资料的比较

Table 2 General information of participants in 2 groups

表3 干预前后两组照顾者获益感及照护负担的比较（分，$\bar{x} \pm s$）

Table 3 Comparison of the perceived benefits and care burden of caregivers in 2 groups before and after intervention（scores,$\bar{x} \pm s$）

表4 干预前后两组照顾者疾病管理能力的比较（分，$\bar{x} \pm s$）

Table 4 Comparison of disease management ability between 2 groups before and after intervention（scores,$\bar{x} \pm s$）

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