肝移植患者等待期心理感受及应对资源的质性研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.15.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的在心理弹性视角下，探究肝移植患者等待期心理感受及应对资源，为提高其心理健康水平提供参考。方法采用目的抽样法，于2024年6—11月选取在青岛市某三级甲等医院肝脏移植病区等待肝移植手术的15例患者作为研究对象，以多系统心理弹性模型为框架，对其进行半结构式访谈，并采用解释现象学研究法对资料进行分析与主题提炼。结果归纳出2个主题和6个亚主题，即肝移植患者等待期复杂矛盾的心理感受（期待手术并憧憬未来、多重心理负担交织、内省与获得成长）、调动心理弹性资源以应对复杂心理感受（核心层资源、内部层资源、外部层资源）。结论护士应以肝移植患者等待期存在的复杂矛盾的心理感受为导向实施心理护理，并以心理弹性资源为靶点，通过促进患者健康行为、优化其心理特质和提供多元化社会支持，综合提升患者等待期心理健康水平，提高生活质量。

关键词: 肝移植, 等待期, 心理弹性, 心理感受, 应对资源, 质性研究, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To explore the psychological feelings and coping resources of patients waiting for a liver transplantation，in order to provide references for implementing psychological nursing care. Methods Using purposive sampling，15 patients waiting liver transplantation surgery from June to November 2024 at a tertiary hospital in Qingdao were selected as study subjects. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted，and data were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis to extract themes. Results The psychological feelings of patients waiting for a liver transplantation included 2 main themes with 6 sub-themes，namely，the complex and contradictory psychological feelings of liver transplant patients during the waiting period（expectations for transplanta-tion and future outlook，multiple psychological burdens intertwining，introspection and growth），and mobilizing psychological resilience resources to deal with complex psychological feelings（core resources，internal resources，external resources）. Conclusion Clinical medical staff should implement psychological care for patients waiting for a liver transplantation based on the complex and contradictory psychological feelings they experience. Also，they should target the coping resources for psychological feelings to construct coping strategies，thereby comprehensively improving patients’ psychological health during the waiting period. The coping strategies include promoting patients’ health behaviors, improving their psychological status, and providing multidimensional social support for them.

Key words: Liver Transplantation, Waiting Period, Resilience, Psychological Feeling, Coping Resource, Qualitative Study, Nursing Care

王家敏, 周丹, 周莹皓, 宋蕾, 张丙良, 宫羽菲, 赵林. 肝移植患者等待期心理感受及应对资源的质性研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2025, 60(15): 1864-1870.

WANG Jiamin, ZHOU Dan, ZHOU Yinghao, SONG Lei, ZHANG Bingliang, GONG Yufei, ZHAO Lin. Patients waiting for a liver transplantation from the perspective of psychological resilience：a qualitative study[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2025, 60(15): 1864-1870.

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