核辐射暴露患者医院救治关键护理技术体系的构建

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2024.01.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的构建院内核辐射暴露患者的医院救治关键护理技术体系，为核辐射事故医院内应急护理救援提供技术指导和支持。方法由具有丰富核辐射事故相关工作经验的成员组成课题研究小组，基于核辐射事故的四大场景（外照射、内照射、外污染、内污染）进行文献检索，形成体系初稿。采用德尔菲法完成2轮专家函询，根据专家修改意见形成核辐射暴露患者医院救治关键护理技术体系终稿。结果 2021年11月—2022年1月共有16名专家完成2轮函询。2轮问卷的有效回收率为100%和80%，提建议率为65%和50%，权威系数为0.778和0.797，2轮专家函询的变异系数均≤0.25。最终形成包括5个一级指标、26个二级指标和74个三级指标的核辐射暴露患者医院救治关键护理技术体系。结论构建的核辐射暴露患者医院救治关键护理技术体系具有较高的科学性和实用性，有利于形成标准化的核辐射暴露救治流程，为护理人员的核辐射暴露相关培训及评价提供理论依据。

关键词: 核医学, 辐射损伤, 医院, 护理, 德尔菲技术

Abstract:

Objective To construct a key nursing technology system for the treatment of patients exposed to nuclear radiation in hospitals，and provide technical guidance and support for emergency nursing rescue in hospitals of nuclear radiation accidents. Methods A research group was composed of a team with rich experience in nuclear radiation accidents. Based on 4 scenarios of nuclear radiation accidents（including external irradiation，internal irradiation，external contamination，internal contamination），the literature search was conducted to form the first draft of the system. Delphi method was used to complete 2 rounds of expert letter consultation，and the final draft of the key nursing technology system for hospital treatment of patients with nuclear radiation exposure was constructed according to the revised opinions of experts. Results A total of 16 experts completed 2 rounds of correspondence. The effective recovery rates were 100% and 80%；the recommendation rates were 65% and 50%；the authority coefficients（Cr） were 0.778 and 0.797；the coefficient of variation（CV） of the 2 rounds of expert letter consultation was≤0.25. Finally，a key nursing technology system for in-hospital treatment of patients with nuclear radiation exposure was formed，including 5 first-level indicators，26 second-level indicators and 74 third-level indicators. Conclusion The constructed key nursing technology system for hospital treatment of patients with nuclear radiation exposure is highly practical and scientific，and it is conducive to the formation of standardized nuclear radiation exposure treatment procedures，and provides a theoretical basis for the training and evaluation of nursing staff related to nuclear radiation exposure.

Key words: Nuclear Medicine, Radiation Injuries, Hospitals, Nursing Care, Delphi Technique

胡娴静, 鄢嫣, 王璟, 张鹤立, 陈雅玫, 马莉, 耿荣梅, 李葆华. 核辐射暴露患者医院救治关键护理技术体系的构建[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2024, 59(1): 57-63.

HU Xianjing, YAN Yan, WANG Jing, ZHANG Heli, CHEN Yamei, MA Li, GENG Rongmei, LI Baohua. Construction of key nursing technology system for hospital treatment of patients with nuclear radiation exposure[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2024, 59(1): 57-63.

图/表 4

表1 专家一般资料(n=16)

Table 1 General data of experts(n=16)

表2 2轮函询专家意见协调程度

Table 2 The coordination degree of 2 rounds of correspondence consultation with experts

表3 第2轮专家函询后修改的指标(n=7)

Table 3 Indicators modified after the second round of expert letter consultation(n=7)

表4 核辐射暴露患者医院救治关键护理技术体系

Table 4 Key nursing technology system for hospital treatment of patients with nuclear radiation exposure

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