老年脑梗死患者康复护理方案的构建及应用

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2023.03.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的构建老年脑梗死患者康复护理方案并评价其应用效果。方法通过文献研究和专家函询构建基于“5E”康复模式的老年脑梗死患者康复护理方案，包括鼓励、教育、运动、工作和评价5个一级指标、20个二级指标。采用便利抽样法，选取2020年5月—12月在新乡市某三级甲等医院神经内科住院的85例老年脑梗死患者为研究对象，采用随机数字表法随机分为试验组42例和对照组43例。试验组在对照组护理措施的基础上按照康复护理方案进行干预，对照组实施常规护理，干预时长2个月。于干预前、干预1个月和干预2个月，采用徒手肌力检查、Brunnstrom运动功能评定方法和中文版医院焦虑抑郁量表对两组患者进行评估。结果两组各42例完成研究。两组患者的肌力、运动功能和焦虑抑郁的时间效应、组间效应及交互效应均具有统计学意义（P<0.05），干预1个月和2个月，试验组各指标均优于对照组（P<0.05）。结论老年脑梗死患者康复护理方案可有效提高患者的肌力和运动功能，改善其焦虑、抑郁状况。

关键词: 脑梗死, 卒中, 老年人, 康复护理, 肢体功能

Abstract:

Objective To construct a rehabilitation nursing program for elderly patients with cerebral infarction and to evaluate its application effect. Methods The rehabilitation nursing program for elderly patients with cerebral infarction based on 5E rehabilitation model was constructed through literature research and expert correspondence. The program includes 5 first-level indicators of encouragement，education，exercise，employment and evaluation，and 20 second-level indicators. By the convenient sampling method，85 elderly patients with cerebral infarction hospitalized in the Department of Neurology of a tertiary A hospital in Xinxiang City from May to December 2020 were selected as the research subjects. They were divided into an experimental group with 42 cases and a control group with 43 cases randomly by numerical table method. The experimental group was treated with 5E rehabilitation nursing model on the basis of routine nursing care，and the control group was treated with routine nursing care. The intervention time was for 2 months. Before the intervention，a month and 2 months after the intervention，2 groups were evaluated by unarmed muscle strength test，Brunnstrom motor function assessment and hospital anxiety and depression scale. Results The time effect，grouping effect and interaction effect of muscle strength，motor function，anxiety and depression in the 2 groups were statistically significant（P<0.05）. After a month and 2 months of the intervention，the indexes of the experimental group were better than those of the control group（P<0.05）. Conclusion The rehabilitation nursing program for elderly patients with cerebral infarction can improve their muscle strength，motor function，anxiety and depression effectively.

Key words: Cerebral Infarction, Stroke, Aged, Rehabilitation Nursing, Limb Function

崔雪岩, 张金华, 周小琰, 王宸珂, 王若雨. 老年脑梗死患者康复护理方案的构建及应用[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2023, 58(3): 268-765.

CUI Xueyan, ZHANG Jinhua, ZHOU Xiaoyan, WANG Chenke, WANG Ruoyu. Construction and application of a rehabilitation nursing program for elderly patients with cerebral infarction[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2023, 58(3): 268-765.

图/表 5

表1 老年脑梗死患者康复护理方案

Table 1 Rehabilitation nursing program for elderly patients with cerebral infarction

表2 两组一般资料比较[例（百分比，%）]

Table 2 Comparison of general data between the 2 groups[case（percent，%）]

表3 两组干预前后肌力比较（$\bar{x}±s$，分）

Table 3 Comparison of muscle strength between the 2 groups before and after intervention（scores，$\bar{x}±s$）

表4 两组干预前后运动功能比较（$\bar{x}±s$,分）

Table 4 Comparison of motor function between the 2 groups before and after intervention（scores，$\bar{x}±s$）

表5 两组干预前后焦虑抑郁得分比较（$\bar{x}±s$,分）

Table 5 Comparison of anxiety and depression scores between the 2 groups before and after intervention（scores，$\bar{x}±s$）

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