急诊医护人员接诊自杀未遂患者心理体验的质性研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2021.08.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的分析综合医院急诊医护人员接诊自杀未遂患者的心理体验,为临床制订相应的干预措施,完善自杀未遂患者心理健康服务提供参考与依据。方法采用描述性现象学研究方法,于2019年12月1日—10日对湖北省2所综合医院有接诊自杀未遂患者经历的急诊医护人员进行半结构化深度访谈,采用Colaizzi 7步分析法分析资料。结果急诊医护人员接诊自杀未遂患者的心理体验主要分为情绪体验和认知体验两类。情绪体验包括：同情与惋惜、不解与困惑、担忧与压力感;认知体验可归纳为应对自杀未遂患者心理问题能力不足、对自身职业角色有新的认知、对心理健康服务的理性认识。结论急诊医护人员接诊自杀未遂患者时存在不同程度的负性情绪,预防患者再自杀知识缺乏及沟通技能不足,为自杀未遂患者提供心理健康服务存在一定障碍因素。管理者应注重自杀未遂患者再自杀风险防护,增强医护人员负性情绪疏导,开展自杀预防知识与沟通技能培训,关注患者的身心同治,预防和减少患者再自杀。

关键词: 急诊科, 自杀未遂, 心理健康服务, 医护人员, 心理体验, 质性研究

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the psychological experience of the emergency medical staff in general hospitals in the treatment of attempted suicide patients,so as to provide references and bases for the clinical development of corresponding interventions and the improvement of mental health services for suicide patients. Methods Using descriptive phenomenological research method,semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted from December 1 to 10,2019 with emergency medical staff from 2 general hospitals in Hubei Province who had the experience of providing health-care services to attempted suicide patients,and the data was analyzed with the Colaizzi 7-step analysis method. Results The psychological experience of the emergency medical staff was divided into emotional experience and cognitive experience. Emotional experience includes sympathy and regret,incomprehension and puzzlement,worry and pressure;cognitive experience can be summarized as the insufficient ability to deal with psychological problems of suicide patients,new cognition of their own professional roles,and rational thinking of mental health services. Conclusion The emergency medical staff have different degrees of negative emotions when receiving the suicide patients. They have some difficulties and challenges in the prevention of suicide related knowledge and communication skills,and in providing mental health services for suicide patients. Authorities should pay attention to preventing suicide patients from re-suicide,easing the negative emotions of medical staff,developing suicide prevention knowledge and communication skills training,promoting patients’ physical and psychological treatment,and preventing and reducing patients’ suicide.

Key words: Emergency Department, Suicide,Attempted, Mental Health Services, Medical Staff, Psychological Experience, Qualitative Research

刘玉娥,胡德英,滕芬,喻婷,冯霞. 急诊医护人员接诊自杀未遂患者心理体验的质性研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2021, 56(8): 1133-1137.

LIU Yu’e,HU Deying,TENG Fen,YU Ting,FENG Xia. Psychological experience of emergency medical staff in the treatment of attempted suicide patients：a qualitative study[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2021, 56(8): 1133-1137.

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