Objective To analyze the latent classes of social alienation in colorectal cancer patients and further explore the influencing factors and cumulative effects of risk factors across different classes，thereby providing a reference for individualized interventions. Methods Convenience sampling was used to select colorectal cancer patients hospitalized in the gastrointestinal surgery and oncology departments of 3 tertiary-level hospitals in Shandong Province from January to June 2023 as the study subjects. A questionnaire survey was conducted using the General Information Questionnaire，Social Avoidance Scale，Social Anxiety Scale，UCLA Loneliness Scale，Sense of Coherence Scale，Family Cohesion Scale，and Social Support Rating Scale. Data analysis was performed using latent profile analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 292 questionnaires were distributed，with 270 valid responses collected，yielding a response rate of 92.47%. The results of the latent profile analysis indicated that social alienation among colorectal cancer patients could be categorized into 3 latent groups：the “low alienation group”（42.59%），the“high alienation-high social avoidance group”（14.08%），and the “moderate alienation-high social anxiety group”（43.33%）. Results of logistic regression analysis revealed that employment status，stoma status，metastasis，sense of coherence，family cohesion，and social support were influencing factors across different categories. Moreover，a cumulative effect of sense of coherence，family cohesion，and social support on distinct categories was observed（P<0.05）. Conclusion Social alienation among colorectal cancer patients exhibits group heterogeneity. Healthcare professionals should identify the characteristic differences among patients，prioritise those with multiple risk factors，and develop targeted intervention measures to help them better integrate into society.