Abstract:

Objective To investigate the training needs and suggestions of advanced practice nurses in medical institutions in China，and to provide references for the formulation of training programs for advanced practice nurses. Methods By a convenient sampling method，from May to July in 2023，the heads of nursing nurses in medical institutions in 29 provinces，autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government were investigated，and the self-designed questionnaires were distributed in the form of electronic questionnaire. Results 1 287 medical institutions participated in the survey，with tertiary hospitals accounting for 65.50%. 93.16% of medical institutions had the use needs of advanced practice nurses，and the top 3 professional fields hoping to prioritize in the APN training were in the order of critical illness，emergency treatment and intravenous treatment. Among the APN core competence，the most important one was direct clinical practice（92.77%），followed by professional development（89.43%） and scientific research and evidence-based practice（86.40%）. 71.72% of medical institutions suggested that the theoretical training time is 4 weeks，combining online and offline training（50.35%），and the clinical practice time should not be less than 12 weeks（97.66%）. Theoretical learning course assignment（92.93%），case report（90.83%） and clinical practice reflection diary（88.19%） were the main process evaluation methods，while 1 case study with the completion of the report and defense（87.65%） and 1 evidence-based nursing practice research plan with the completion of a report and defense（77.93%） were the main final evaluation methods. Conclusion Advanced practice nurses are important roles in the process of nursing professional development，and medical institutions in our country have a high demand for the training of advanced practice nurses. It is imperative to carry out the training of advanced practice nurses. The suggestions of medical institutions on the training content and methods focus more on the training of core competence. On this basis，the admission conditions should be clarified，and the training program of advanced practice nurses for China’s national conditions should be explored.

Key words: Advanced Practice Nurses, Training, Needs, Questionnaire, Crew Resource Management

摘要：

目的 调研国内各级医疗机构对高级实践护士的培训需求和建议，为制订高级实践护士培训方案提供参考。方法 采用方便抽样的方法，于2023年5月—7月，使用自行设计的调查问卷对国内29个省（区、市）的各级医疗机构护理部专科护士负责人进行调查。结果 共有1 287所医疗机构参与调研，其中，三级医院占比为65.50%。93.16%的医疗机构有高级实践护士的使用需求，希望优先开展高级实践护士培训的专业领域前3位依次是危重症、急诊和静脉治疗。认为高级实践护士核心能力中最重要的是临床实践能力（92.77%），其次为专业发展能力（89.43%）及科学研究与循证实践能力（86.40%）。71.72%的医疗机构建议理论培训时长为4周，采用线上、线下结合的培训方式（50.35%），临床实践时间应≥12周（97.66%）。希望将理论学习课程作业（92.93%）、个案报告（90.83%）和临床实践反思日记（88.19%）作为主要的过程性评价方法，将个案研究1项及完成报告并答辩（87.65%）、循证护理实践或科研计划1项及完成报告并答辩（77.93%）作为主要的终结性评价方法。结论 国内各级医疗机构对高级实践护士的培训需求较高，开展高级实践护士培养势在必行，医疗机构对培训内容和方法的建议更加侧重核心能力的培养，应在此基础上明确准入条件，探索适合国情的高级实践护士培养方案。

关键词: 高级实践护士, 培训, 需求, 问卷调查, 人力资源管理