Abstract:

Objective To clarify the risk factors of subjective cognitive decline of the elder adults in communities by Meta-analysis. Methods The cohort studies and case-control studies on the risk factors of subjective cognitive decline of the elder adults in communities were searched by computer in CNKI，VIP，WanFang data，CBM，PubMed，Cochrane Library，EMbase，CINAHL，PsycInfo，and Web of Science. The search time was from the inception of databases until September 2022. After literature screening，data extraction，and quality evaluation，RevMan 5.4 software was used for Meta-analysis. Results A total of 20 articles were involved，including 28 risk factors. The risk factors with statistical significance were female（OR=1.66），advanced age（OR=1.05），low education （OR=1.08），lack of physical exercise（OR=1.32），depression（OR=1.20），and poor sleep quality（OR=1.91），hearing loss（OR=2.01），hypertension（OR=1.79） and low level of social support（OR=1.51）. Conclusion The elderly in communities who are female with advanced age，low education，lack of physical exercise，depression，poor sleep quality，hearing loss，hypertension and low level of social support are more likely to have subjective cognitive decline. Nurses can formulate nursing measures according to the risk factors to reduce the incidence of subjective cognitive decline of the elder adults in communities.

Key words: Community, Aged, Subjective Cognitive Decline, Risk Factors, Meta-analysis, Evidemce-based Nursing

摘要：

目的 通过Meta分析了解社区老年人发生主观认知下降的危险因素。方法 计算机检索中国知网、维普数据库、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase、CINAHL、PsycInfo、Web of Science数据库中关于社区老年人主观认知下降危险因素的队列研究和病例对照研究，检索时限为建库至2022年9月，经文献筛选、数据提取、质量评价后，采用RevMan 5.4进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入20篇文献，包括28个危险因素，有统计学意义的危险因素包括女性（OR=1.66）、高龄（OR=1.05）、低学历（OR=1.08）、缺乏身体锻炼（OR=1.32）、抑郁（OR=1.20）、睡眠质量差（OR=1.91）、听力障碍（OR=2.01）、高血压（OR=1.79）、低水平社会支持（OR=1.51）。结论 女性、高龄、低学历、缺乏身体锻炼、抑郁、睡眠质量差、听力障碍、高血压、低水平社会支持的社区老年人，更易发生主观认知下降，护理人员可结合危险因素，针对性地制订护理措施，降低社区老年人主观认知下降的发生率。

关键词: 社区, 老年人, 主观认知下降, 危险因素, Meta分析, 循证护理学