Abstract:

With the accelerating of aging in the world,living in institutional care facilities is one of the main options for the elderly. However,adaptability problems were commonly reported in the elderly as their relocating to institutional care facilities with the environment changes. Previous studies have shown that the elderly with adaptability problems may result in physical and psychosocial changes,which significantly influenced their quality of life. In previous studies,several evaluation tools were developed to measure the adaptability of the elderly,and the influential factors were explored,such as personal willingness,care quality of long-term care institutions,family support,and social support. This article focuses on the adaptability of the elderly in institutional care facilities,reviews the relevant research on it,and analyzes its concepts,current situation,evaluation tools and influencing factors. It also proposes the corresponding intervention strategies through the following 4 systems：social support system,institution system,family system,and personal system,providing references for improving the adaptability of the elderly in institutional care facilities and improving the quality of life of the elderly in institutions.

Key words: Aged, Institutional Care Facilities, Adaptability, Review, Geriatric Nursing

摘要：

随着老龄化的加速发展,入住养老机构已成为老年人养老的主要选择之一。然而,老年人入住养老机构后,由于所处环境的变化,多伴有一定程度的适应问题,进而影响老年人的生活质量。既往研究中,研究者开发了一些测评工具以评价老年人机构养老的适应性,并多方面探索了老年人机构养老适应性的影响因素,如入住意愿、养老机构质量、家庭和社会支持程度等。该文聚焦老年人机构养老的适应性问题,综述了老年人机构养老适应性的相关研究现状,围绕老年人机构养老适应性的概念、现状、测评工具和影响因素进行分析,并从社会支持系统、养老机构、家庭和个人4个方面提出相应的干预策略,为改善老年人机构养老的适应性问题,提高老年人在养老机构的生活质量提供参考。

关键词: 老年人, 机构养老, 适应性, 综述, 老年护理学