Abstract:

Objective To investigate the current situation of adverse dietary reactions in patients during hemodialysis and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 368 hemodialysis patients in 4 tertiary hospitals in Lianyungang City by the general data questionnaire and dietary behavior questionnaire,and the influencing factors of adverse dietary reactions were analyzed. Results Among the 81.8%（301 cases） of patients who ate during dialysis,14.0%（42 cases） had hypotension; 4.7%（14 cases） had cough; 1.7%（5 cases） had nausea. Logistic regression analysis results showed that diabetes mellitus,dialysis duration,mealtime,and pre-dietary systolic blood pressure were the influencing factors of hypotension（P<0.05）. The results of single factor analysis showed that age and diet position were influencing factors of cough（P<0.05）,and pre-dietary systolic blood pressure was influencing factor of nausea（P<0.05）. Conclusion During hemodialysis,most of patients who have dietary behaviors are prone to suffer from adverse dietary reactions. Medical staff should pay more attention to patients with diet in hemodialysis,and guide their dietary behaviors during dialysis,so as to reduce the occurrence of adverse dietary reactions.

Key words: Hemodialysi, Dietary Behavior, Adverse Reactions, Root Cause Analysis

摘要：

目的 调查血液透析过程中患者发生饮食不良反应的现状,并分析其影响因素。方法 采用一般资料问卷、饮食行为问卷对连云港市3所三级甲等医院、1所三级乙等医院的368例血液透析患者进行横断面调查,并分析患者发生饮食不良反应的影响因素。结果 301例（81.8%）的患者在血液透析过程中饮食,其中42例（14.0%）患者出现低血压,14例（4.7%）的患者出现呛咳,5例（1.7%）患者出现恶心。Logistic回归分析结果显示,合并糖尿病、透析龄长、血液透析中后2 h饮食、饮食前收缩压低是低血压发生的影响因素（P<0.05）;高龄、平卧位饮食是呛咳发生的影响因素（P<0.05）;饮食前收缩压高是恶心发生的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 血液透析过程中大部分患者存在饮食行为且易发生饮食不良反应,医护人员应加强对血液透析过程中饮食患者的关注,并指导其在血液透析过程中的饮食行为,减少饮食不良反应的发生。

关键词: 血液透析, 饮食行为, 不良反应, 影响因素分析