等待器官移植患者心理体验的Meta整合

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.18.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的系统整合等待器官移植患者的心理体验，为临床护士开展针对性心理护理提供依据。方法系统检索PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Embase、Scopus、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库，收集与等待器官移植患者心理体验相关的质性研究及混合性研究，检索时限为建库至2026年1月30日。采用质性研究质量评价标准对纳入文献进行评价，并采用汇集性Meta整合方法对结果进行整合。结果共纳入17篇文献，提炼出60个研究结果，归纳出12个类别，进一步综合得到3个整合结果，包括疾病与治疗负担下的身心受限体验、与移植不确定性相关的复杂情感体验、意义建构与自我调适体验。结论等待器官移植患者存在身心负担、情绪困扰等问题，医护人员应加强整体护理、提供连续支持，以促进其积极应对和心理适应。

关键词: 器官移植, 心理体验, 质性研究, Meta整合, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To synthesize the psychological experiences of patients awaiting organ transplantation and to provide evidence for targeted psychological support in clinical practice. Methods PubMed，Web of Science，Cochrane Library，Embase，Scopus，CNKI，Wanfang Data，VIP Database，and SinoMed were searched for qualitative studies and mixed-methods studies containing qualitative data on psychological experiences of patients awaiting organ transplantation from inception to January 30，2026. The methodological quality of included studies was appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-based Health Care Center checklist for qualitative research，and the findings were synthesized using the meta-aggregation approach. Results A total of 17 studies were included. 60 findings were extracted，grouped into 12 categories，and synthesized into 3 integrated findings：experiences of physical and psychological limitations under disease and treatment burden，complex emotional experiences related to uncertainty in transplantation，meaning-making and self-adjustment. Conclusion Patients awaiting organ transplantation experience physical and psychological burden，emotional distress. Healthcare professionals should strengthen integrated care and continuous support to promote active coping and psychological adaptation.

Key words: Organ Transplantation, Psychological Experience, Qualitative Research, Meta-Synthesis, Nursing Care

王方圆, 李现红, 管颖慧, 田佳琦, 徐乐, 谢鑑辉. 等待器官移植患者心理体验的Meta整合[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2026, 61(18): 2556-2563.

WANG Fangyuan, LI Xianhong, GUAN Yinghui, TIAN Jiaqi, XU Le, XIE Jianhui. A Meta-synthesis of psychological experiences of patients awaiting organ transplantation[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2026, 61(18): 2556-2563.

图/表 3

图1 文献筛选流程

Figure 1 Literature screening process

表1 纳入文献的基本特征（n=17）

Table 1 Basic characteristics of the included literature（n=17）

表2 纳入文献的方法学质量评价结果（n=17）

Table 2 Methodological quality evaluation of included literature（n=17）

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