关键词: 心力衰竭, 照顾者, 心理脱离, 质性研究, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To explore factors influencing psychological detachment among caregivers of patients with heart failure and provide evidence for developing targeted intervention programs. Methods Based on the ABC-X model，a descriptive qualitative design was adopted. Using purposive sampling，semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 caregivers of patients with heart failure who were hospitalized in the cardiology department of a tertiary A general hospital in Nanjing，China，between August and October 2025. Data were analyzed using directed content analysis. Results A total of 3 themes and 11 subthemes were identified：stressor-related factors （hypervigilance following acute events，persistent distress from negative emotions，excessive occupation of personal time，and increased psychological burden due to financial pressure），resource-related factors （psychological resilience buffering caregiving stress，enhanced coping efficacy through caregiving knowledge and experience，multidimensional support from family and relatives，and improved psychological safety through professional support），and cognitive factors （neglect of self-care，over-internalization of caregiving responsibility，and excessive linkage of caregiving value to the patient’s illness status）. Conclusion Healthcare professionals should guide caregivers to acknowledge and actively cope with multiple caregiving stressors，mobilize multidimensional supportive resources，and promote adaptive caregiving-related cognitive patterns，enabling caregivers to regard appropriate psychological detachment as an essential part of sustainable caregiving and thereby maintain good physical and mental health as well as caregiving quality during long-term caregiving.

Key words: Heart Failure, Caregivers, Psychological Detachment, Qualitative Study, Nursing Care