关键词: 老年人, 糖尿病, 内在能力, 用户画像, 混合研究, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To identify user personas of intrinsic capacity in community-dwelling older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM），offering evidence for the promotion and implementation of intrinsic capacity in clinical practice. Methods An interpretive sequential mixed design was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data from 6 medical community units radiated by a tertiary A Traditional Chinese Medicine hospital in Changshu city，Jiangsu province. A convenience sample of 693 older adults with T2DM in the community completed general information questionnaire and intrinsic capacity assessment scale from February 2024 to February 2025，and K-means clustering was conducted to analyze the distribution characteristics of intrinsic capacity in community-dwelling older adults with T2DM. In the qualitative phase，a purposive sampling method was used to conduct semi-structured interviews with 22 patients across different clusters by thematic analysis. The findings from both phases were integrated during the interpretation phase to conduct user persona. Results In all，664 of participants who returned responsive questionnaires were included for analysis，and 76.81% of community-dwelling older adults with T2DM showed a decline in intrinsic capacity. K-means clustering analysis outputs identify 3 groups. In qualitative data analysis，3 categories of intrinsic capacity characteristics among older adults with T2DM were refined，each encompassing 6 dimensions：cognitive，locomotion，vitality，psychological status，sensory perception，and promoting healthy behaviors dimensions. Totally 3 user personas were constructed，namely conflict-coping type dominated by psychological depletion，self-optimizing type dominated by sensory impairment，and support-dependent type dominated by cognitive decline. Conclusion The characteristic of intrinsic capacity in community-dwelling older adults with T2DM is diverse. Healthcare providers can implement categorized and personalized management by incorporating intrinsic capacity-based typologies among community-dwelling older adults with T2DM，enabling precise stabilization and optimization of intrinsic capacity to promote healthy aging.

Key words: Aged, Diabetes, Intrinsic Capacity, User Persona, Mixed-Method Study, Nursing Care