中青年2型糖尿病合并超重或肥胖患者营养素养潜在类别与饮食动机的关系研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.16.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的识别中青年2型糖尿病合并超重或肥胖患者营养素养的潜在类别，并分析不同潜在类别与饮食动机的关系，为医护人员制订相关饮食干预策略提供参考。方法采用便利抽样法，于2024年5—9月，选取江苏省镇江市某三级甲等医院内分泌代谢科的270例中青年2型糖尿病合并超重或肥胖患者作为调查对象。使用一般资料调查表、中国成人营养素养测量量表、饮食动机问卷进行资料收集，采用潜在剖面分析提取患者营养素养的潜在类别，以基本资料和潜在类别为自变量，饮食动机为因变量进行单因素分析和多元线性回归分析。结果共262例中青年2型糖尿病合并超重或肥胖患者完成调查，其营养素养可分为3个潜在类别：低营养素养组（16.41%）、转化困境组（54.96%）和中高营养素养组（28.63%）。多元线性回归分析结果显示，居住方式、营养素养类别及糖尿病并发症是中青年2型糖尿病合并超重或肥胖患者饮食动机的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论中青年2型糖尿病合并超重或肥胖患者营养素养水平存在群体异质性，医护人员应依据患者的不同类别给予针对性干预，激发其保持健康饮食的持续动机。

关键词: 糖尿病, 2型, 超重或肥胖, 营养素养, 饮食动机, 潜在剖面分析, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the potential categories of nutrition literacy in young and middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with overweight or obesity，and analyze the relationship between various latent categories and dietary motivation，so as to provide references for clinical working staff to develop relevant dietary intervention strategies. Methods A convenient sampling method was used to enroll 270 young and middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with overweight or obesity from the endocrine department of a tertiary general hospital in Zhenjiang City，Jiangsu province，using basic information questionnaire，Nutrition Literacy Measurement Scale for Chinese adults，and the Regulation of Eating Behaviors Scale to collect data，using latent profile analysis to extract nutrition literacy potential categories，with general data and potential categories as independent variables，dietary motivation as the dependent variable for univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Results A total of 262 young and middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with overweight or obesity completed the survey，and their nutrition literacy could be divided into 3 potential categories：low nutrition literacy group（16.41%），transformation dilemma group （54.96%），and middle and high nutrition literacy group（28.63%）. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that residency style，potential categories of nutrition literacy and presence of diabetic complications were the influencing factors of dietary motivation in young and middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with overweight or obesity（P<0.05）. Conclusion There was a group heterogeneity in nutrition literacy in young and middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with overweight or obesity. Clinical working staff should provide targeted interventions based on the patient’s potential categories of nutrition literacy to stimulate ongoing motivation to maintain a healthy diet.

Key words: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Overweight or Obesity, Nutrition Literacy, Dietary Motivation, Latent Profile Analysis, Nursing Care

沈向捷, 尹卫, 刘巧艳, 曹松梅, 祖后娟, 沙慧颖, 王晶晶. 中青年2型糖尿病合并超重或肥胖患者营养素养潜在类别与饮食动机的关系研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2025, 60(16): 1974-1980.

SHEN Xiangjie, YIN Wei, LIU Qiaoyan, CAO Songmei, ZU Houjuan, SHA Huiying, WANG Jingjing. Latent profile analysis of nutrition literacy among young and middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with overweight or obesity and its relationship with dietary motivation[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2025, 60(16): 1974-1980.

图/表 4

表1 调查对象的一般资料及饮食动机的单因素分析（n=262）

Table 1 Univariate analysis of general data and dietary motivation of survey subjects（n=262）

图1 中青年2型糖尿病合并超重或肥胖患者的营养素养潜在类别

Figure 1 Potential categories of nutrition literacy in young and middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with overweight or obesity

表2 自变量赋值方式

Table 2 Assignment of independent variables

表3 中青年2型糖尿病合并超重或肥胖患者饮食动机的多元线性回归分析（n=262）

Table 3 Multiple linear regression analysis of dietary motivation in young and middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with overweight or obesity（n=262）

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