医疗护理员人文关怀知信行问卷的编制及信效度检验

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.08.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的编制医疗护理员人文关怀知信行问卷并检验其信效度，为评价其人文关怀能力提供有效工具。方法以知信行理论为指导，通过文献回顾、半结构式访谈、2轮专家函询和预调查，形成问卷初稿。采用便利抽样法，于2024年5月—7月选取湖北省4所三级甲等医院的医疗护理员进行问卷调查，并进行信效度检验。结果发放问卷412份，回收有效问卷399份，有效问卷回收率为96.84%。最终形成的医疗护理员人文关怀知信行问卷包括知识、态度、行为3个维度，共24个条目，累计方差贡献率为65.338%。问卷条目水平的内容效度指数为0.800~1.000，平均问卷水平的内容效度指数为0.981。验证性因子分析结果显示，模型拟合指标均在可接受范围内。问卷总的Cronbach’s α系数为0.941，2周后问卷的重测信度为0.923。结论医疗护理员人文关怀知信行问卷具有良好的信度和效度，可作为评价医疗护理员人文关怀能力的有效工具。

关键词: 医疗护理员, 人文关怀, 问卷编制, 信度, 效度, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To develop a Knowledge-Attitude-Practice Questionnaire for Nursing Assistants on Humanistic Care and test its reliability and validity，in order to provide a valid tool for evaluating their humanistic care competence. Methods Based on the theory of knowledge，attitude and practice，the first draft of the questionnaire was developed through literature review，semi-structured interviews，2 rounds of Delphi expert consultation，and pre-surveys. All nursing assistants from 4 tertiary hospitals in Hubei Province were investigated by convenient sample，and the reliability and validity were tested from May to July，2024. Results 412 questionnaires were distributed and 399 valid questionnaires were recovered，with a valid questionnaire recovery rate of 96.84%. The final knowledge-attitude-practice questionnaire include 3 dimensions of knowledge，attitude and practice，with a total of 24 items and cumulative contribution rate was 65.338%. The CVI of each item in the questionnaire ranged from 0.800 to 1.000，with an average of 0.981. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the scale model had a good fit. The total Cronbach’s α coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.941，and the test-retest reliability coefficient of the questionnaire after 2 weeks was 0.923. Conclusion The knowledge-attitude-practice questionnaire has good reliability and validity，and it can be used as a valid tool for evaluating the competence of humanistic care of nursing assistants.

Key words: Nursing Assistants, Humanistic Care, Questionnaire Development, Reliability, Validity, Nursing Care

任彦宏, 刘义兰, 韩影, 李朝巧, 张有愆, 何笑笑, 汪唯, 杨赛. 医疗护理员人文关怀知信行问卷的编制及信效度检验[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2025, 60(8): 953-959.

REN Yanhong, LIU Yilan, HAN Ying, LI Chaoqiao, ZHANG Youqian, HE Xiaoxiao, WANG Wei, YANG Sai. Development of a Knowledge-Attitude-Practice Questionnaire for Nursing Assistants on Humanistic Care and the test of its reliability and validity[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2025, 60(8): 953-959.

图/表 1

参考文献 18

[1]	国家卫生健康委. 关于加强医疗护理员培训和规范管理工作的通知[EB/OL]. (2019-07-26)[2024-07-10]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2019-11/18/content_5453052.htm.
	National Health Commission. Circular on strengthening the training and standardization of the management of nursing assistants[EB/OL]. (2019-07-26)[2024-07-10]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2019-11/18/content_5453052.htm.
[2]	福建省卫生健康委员会. 福建省“无陪护”病房试点工作方案[EB/OL].(2022-07-20)[2024-07-10]. https://wjw.fujian.gov.cn/xxgk/fgwj/zxwj/202207/t20220721_5957737.htm.
	Fujian Provincial Health Commission. Pilot work program for “non-companion care” wards in Fujian Province[EB/OL]. (2022-07-20)[2024-07-10]. https://wjw.fujian.gov.cn/xxgk/fgwj/zxwj/2022-07/t20220721_5957737.htm.
[3]	Watson J. Human caring science:a thoery of nursing[M]. Massachusetts: Jones & Bartlett Learning,2012:20.
[4]	谭雯渲, 张容, 朱瑾, 等. 医疗护理员核心能力特征要素的质性研究[J]. 护理研究, 2022, 36(18):3348-3354.
	Tan WX, Zhang R, Zhu J, et al. Characteristic elements of core competence of nursing assistant:a qualitative research[J]. Chin Nurs Res, 2022, 36(18):3348-3354.
[5]	沈锦浩. 同途殊归:医疗护理员工作意义建构的个体差异[J]. 社会政策研究, 2024(2):119-130,136.
	Shen JH. Individual differences in the construction of meaning at work among health care workers[J]. Soc Policy Res, 2024(2):119-130,136.
[6]	吴红艳, 谢红珍, 刘义兰, 等. 27个省份护士人文关怀知信行的多中心调查研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2023, 58(19):2387-2394. DOI URL
	Wu HY, Xie HZ, Liu YL, et al. Current status of knowledge,attitude and practice of humanistic care on nurses in 27 provinces and autonomous regions of China:a multicenter investigation[J]. Chin J Nurs, 2023, 58(19):2387-2394.
[7]	李玉芹. 临床护理人员人文关怀知信行问卷编制及现状调查[D]. 济南: 山东大学, 2019.
	Li YQ. Development and investigation of Questionnaire on Knowledge,Attitude and Practice of Humanistic Care for Clini-cal Nurses[D]. Jinan: Shandong University, 2019.
[8]	陈雨沁, 刘义兰, 丁芳, 等. 临床护士整体人文关怀感知量表的编制及信效度检验[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2023, 58(8):935-941. DOI URL
	Chen YQ, Liu YL, Ding F, et al. Development and reliability and validity test of Holistic Human Caring Perception Scale for clinical nurses[J]. Chin J Nurs, 2023, 58(8):935-941. DOI URL
[9]	Tahani B, Manesh SS. Knowledge,attitude and practice of dentists toward providing care to the geriatric patients[J]. BMC Geriatr, 2021, 21(1):399.
[10]	王春枝, 斯琴. 德尔菲法中的数据统计处理方法及其应用研究[J]. 内蒙古财经学院学报(综合版), 2011, 9(4):92-96.
	Wang CZ, Si Q. A study of data statistical processing method of Delphi method and its application[J]. J Inn Mong Univ Finance Econ, 2011, 9(4):92-96.
[11]	吴明隆. 问卷统计分析务实:SPSS操作与应用[M]. 重庆: 重庆大学出版社,2010:113-116.
	Wu ML. Practice of questionnaires statistical analysis:operation and application of SPSS[M]. Chongqing: Chongqing University Press,2010:113-116.
[12]	王晓彤, 卢天舒, 李雪华, 等. ICU护理人文关怀氛围评价量表的研制及信效度检验[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2018, 53(11):1367-1371.
	Wang XT, Lu TS, Li XH, et al. Development and psychometric testing of the ICU Nursing Atmosphere Assessment Scale for Humanistic Care[J]. Chin J Nurs, 2018, 53(11):1367-1371.
[13]	张毅, 汪健健, 邓艳红, 等. 护士人文素养自评量表的研制及信效度检验[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2022, 57(9):1120-1128. DOI URL
	Zhang Y, Wang JJ, Deng YH, et al. Development of a Self-Rating Scale of Nurses’ Humanistic Literacy and its reliability and validity test[J]. Chin J Nurs, 2022, 57(9):1120-1128.
[14]	史静琤, 莫显昆, 孙振球. 量表编制中内容效度指数的应用[J]. 中南大学学报(医学版), 2012, 37(2):152-155.
	Shi JC, Mo XK, Sun ZQ. Content validity index in scale development[J]. J Cent South Univ Med Sci, 2012, 37(2):152-155.
[15]	王亚玲, 李惠玲. 安宁疗护护士共情能力量表的编制及信效度检验[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2023, 58(13):1565-1571. DOI URL
	Wang YL, Li HL. Development of Empathy Ability Scale for Hospice Nurses and the test of its reliability and validity[J]. Chin J Nurs, 2023, 58(13):1565-1571. DOI URL
[16]	李卫珍, 王飞霞, 潘喆, 等. 造口患者居家沐浴知信行评估问卷的编制及信效度检验[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2023, 58(14):1742-1749. DOI URL
	Li WZ, Wang FX, Pan Z, et al. Development of a Knowledge-Attitude-Practice Assessment Questionnaire for the Investiga-tion of Home Bathing Status of Ostomy Patients and the test of its reliability and validity[J]. Chin J Nurs, 2023, 58(14):1742-1749.
[17]	吴明隆. 结构方程模型:AMOS的操作与应用[M]. 2版. 重庆: 重庆大学出版社,2010:236-237.
	Wu ML. Structural equation modeling:operation and application of AMOS[M]. 2nd ed. Chongqing: Chongqing University Press,2010:236-237.
[18]	罗伯特·F·德威利斯. 量表编制[M]. 2版. 重庆:重庆大学出版社:2016.
	Robert F. DeVellis. Scale development theory and applications[M]. 2nd ed. Chongqing: Chongqing University Press, 2016.