孕妇静脉血栓栓塞风险感知模型的构建

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2024.18.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的构建孕妇静脉血栓栓塞（venous thromboembolism，VTE）风险感知模型，为促进孕妇形成正确的VTE风险感知，积极采取预防行为提供科学依据。方法采用质性研究中程序化扎根理论的研究方法，选取2023年6月—7月在南京市某三级甲等妇产专科医院门诊接受产检的18名孕妇进行半结构式深入访谈，通过三级编码和不断比较法进行资料分析。结果孕妇VTE风险感知受到社会网络系统、自身健康状态、生活行为习惯、疾病知识储备、遵医行为、情绪状态6个因素的影响，感知到来自威胁母婴安全、增加家庭经济负担及时间成本、影响社会角色3个方面的VTE风险，从而形成了采取预防行为、克服实施障碍和促进知识获取3种健康行为决策以降低自身VTE风险，预防VTE的发生。结论孕妇VTE风险感知模型可引导医护人员综合考虑孕妇VTE风险感知的影响因素，优化VTE健康宣教的形式和内容，有针对性地给予孕妇个体化、可持续的VTE预防指导，强化孕妇对VTE风险及预防行为益处的感知，从而积极采取正确的健康行为决策。

关键词: 孕妇, 静脉血栓栓塞, 风险感知, 扎根理论, 产科护理

Abstract:

Objective To construct a theoretical model of venous thromboembolism（VTE） risk perception in pregnant women，so as to provide a scientific basis for promoting pregnant women to form a correct risk perception of VTE and actively take preventive behaviors. Methods A qualitative research approach guided by the procedural grounded theory was adopted. Data were collected by a semi-structured deep interview on 18 pregnant women who received prenatal examination in the outpatient department of a tertiary A obstetrics and gynecology hospital in Nanjing from June to July 2023，and the data were analyzed by three-level coding and continuous comparison method. Results The VTE risk perception of pregnant women was affected by 6 factors including social coupling system，self health status，life behavior habits，knowledge on disease，compliance behavior and emotional stimulation. Pregnant women perceived VTE risk from 3 aspects：threats to maternal and child safety，increased family economic burden and increased time cost，impact on social roles. Thus，3 health behavior decisions were formed，including taking preventive behaviors，overcoming implementation barriers，and seeking knowledge behaviors，in order to reduce their own risk of VTE，and prevent the occurrence of VTE. Conclusion The theoretical model of VTE risk perception of pregnant women can guide medical staff to comprehensively consider the influencing factors of VTE risk perception of pregnant women，optimize the form and content of VTE health education，give pregnant women individualized and sustainable VTE prevention guidance，and strengthen pregnant women’s perception of VTE risk and the benefits of preventive behavior，so as to actively take the correct health behavior decisions.

Key words: Pregnant Woman, Venous Thromboembolism, Risk Perception, Grounded Theory, Obstetrical Nursing

刘皓昕, 黄丽丽, 崔晓花, 陶伏莹, 周满, 张盼盼, 田莹莹. 孕妇静脉血栓栓塞风险感知模型的构建[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2024, 59(18): 2229-2237.

LIU Haoxin, HUANG Lili, CUI Xiaohua, TAO Fuying, ZHOU Man, ZHANG Panpan, TIAN Yingying. Research on a model of risk perception of venous thromboembolism in pregnant women[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2024, 59(18): 2229-2237.

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