孕妇体重自我管理能力问卷的编制及信效度检验

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2024.16.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的编制孕妇体重自我管理能力问卷，并检验信效度。方法基于自我管理的概念和理论，通过文献分析、半结构式访谈、2轮德尔菲专家函询和预调查形成问卷初稿；采用便利抽样法，于2023年4月18日—23日选取在宁夏回族自治区某妇幼保健院产科门诊进行产检的300名孕妇进行问卷调查，检验问卷的信效度。结果孕妇体重自我管理能力问卷包括8个维度、38个条目，累计方差贡献率为68.560%。总问卷的Cronbach’s α系数为0.944，各维度的Cronbach’s α系数为0.772~0.929；总问卷的折半信度为0.858，各维度的折半信度为0.715~0.902；问卷水平的内容效度指数为0.921，条目水平的内容效度指数为0.833~1.000；问卷各维度间及与问卷总分均呈正相关（r为0.178~0.854，P<0.001）。结论该问卷具有良好的信效度，可作为评估孕妇体重自我管理能力的工具。

关键词: 孕妇, 体重, 自我管理, 问卷, 信度, 效度, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To develop Pregnant Women Weight Self-Management Scale and test its reliability and validity. Methods Based on the concepts and theories of self-management，the first draft of the scale was formed through literature analysis，semi-structured interviews，2 rounds of Delphi expert correspondence and pre-surveys. The scale was used to test the reliability and validity of the scale by facilitating the selection of 300 pregnant women who gave birth in April 18—23 2023 at a maternal and child healthcare hospital in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Results The Pregnant Women Weight Self-Management Scale consisted of 8 dimensions and 38 entries with a cumulative variance contribution of 68.560%. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the total scale was 0.944，and each dimension ranged from 0.772 to 0.929. The split-half reliability for the total was 0.858，and each dimension ranged from 0.715 to 0.902. The content validity index at the level of the total scale was 0.921，and at the level of each entry was from 0.833 to 1.000. There was a positive correlation between the dimensions and with the total scale score（r=0.178~0.854，P<0.001）. Conclusion The scale has good reliability and validity，and it can be used as a tool to evaluate the self-management ability of pregnant women.

Key words: Pregnant Women, Weight, Self-Management, Scale, Reliability, Validity, Nursing Care

刘风景, 张广意, 倪文思, 郑栋莲, 吉双对, 米光丽. 孕妇体重自我管理能力问卷的编制及信效度检验[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2024, 59(16): 1993-2000.

LIU Fengjing, ZHANG Guangyi, NI Wensi, ZHENG Donglian, JI Shuangdui, MI Guangli. Development and reliability and validity test of Pregnant Women Weight Self-Management Scale[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2024, 59(16): 1993-2000.

图/表 1

参考文献 28

[1]	Goldstein RF, Abell SK, Ranasinha S, et al. Association of ges-tational weight gain with maternal and infant outcomes:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. JAMA, 2017, 317(21):2207-2225. DOI PMID
[2]	Wan NQ, Cai L, Tan WQ, et al. Associations of gestational weight gain with offspring thinness and obesity:by prepregnancy body mass index[J]. Reprod Health, 2018, 15(1):149.
[3]	Hutchins F, Krafty R, El Khoudary SR, et al. Gestational weight gain and long-term maternal obesity risk:a multiple-bias analysis[J]. Epidemiology, 2021, 32(2):248-258. DOI PMID
[4]	Ren M, Li HY, Cai W, et al. Excessive gestational weight gain in accordance with the IOM criteria and the risk of hyperten-sive disorders of pregnancy:a meta-analysis[J]. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 2018, 18(1):281.
[5]	Schunk DH, Zimmerman BJ. Social origins of self-regulatory competence[J]. Educ Psychol, 1997, 32(4):195-208.
[6]	中华医学会妇产科学分会产科学组. 孕前和孕期保健指南(2018)[J]. 中华妇产科杂志, 2018, 53(1):7-13.
	Obstetrics Subgroup,Chinese Society of Obstetrics and Gyne-cology,Chinese Medical Association. Guide to health care before and during pregnancy(2018)[J]. Chin J Obstet Gynecol, 2018, 53(1):7-13.
[7]	杜世正, 袁长蓉. 自我管理模式的研究实践进展及思考[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2009, 44(11):1048-1051.
	Du SZ, Yuan CR. Research progress and thinking on self-management model[J]. Chin J Nurs, 2009, 44(11):1048-1051.
[8]	Bandura A. Social cognitive theory:an agentic perspective[J]. Annu Rev Psychol, 2001,52:1-26.
[9]	Bandura A. Self-efficacy:toward a unifying theory of behavioral change[J]. Psychol Rev, 1977, 84(2):191-215. DOI PMID
[10]	Bodenheimer T. Patient self-management of chronic disease in primary care[J]. JAMA, 2002, 288(19):2469.
[11]	Cross MJ, March LM, Lapsley HM, et al. Patient self-efficacy and health locus of control:relationships with health status and arthritis-related expenditure[J]. Rheumatology(Oxford), 2006, 45(1):92-96.
[12]	Deci EL. Article commentary:on the nature and functions of motivation theories[J]. Psychol Sci, 1992, 3(3):167-171.
[13]	Lorig KR, Holman HR. Self-management education:history,de-finition,outcomes,and mechanisms[J]. Ann Behav Med, 2003, 26(1):1-7. DOI PMID
[14]	中国营养学会膳食指南修订专家委员会妇幼人群膳食指南修订专家工作组. 孕期妇女膳食指南[J]. 中华围产医学杂志, 2016, 19(9):641-648.
	Maternal and Child Working Group, Chinese Nutrition Society Expert Committee for Dietary Guidelines 2016. Dietary guide-line for pregnant women[J]. Chin J Per Med, 2016, 19(9):641-648.
[15]	中国妇幼保健协会妊娠合并糖尿病专业委员会,中华医学会妇产科学分会产科学组. 妊娠期运动专家共识(草案)[J]. 中华围产医学杂志, 2021, 24(9)641-645
	Professional Committee of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus,Chinese Maternal and Child Health Association. Expert con-sensus on exercise during pregnancy(draft)[J]. Chin J Perinat Med, 2021, 24(9)641-645.
[16]	宫悦华, 王慕然, 朱燕琴, 等. 中青年高血压病人自我管理行为量表的编制及信效度检验[J]. 护理研究, 2021, 35(9):1649-1652.
	Gong YH, Wang MR, Zhu YQ, et al. Development of Self-Management Behavior Scale in Young and Middle Aged Patients with Hypertension and its reliability and validity test[J]. Chin Nurs Res, 2021, 35(9):1649-1652.
[17]	刘洪妍, 王晓娇, 孙丽萍, 等. 育龄妇女孕期体重管理的最佳证据总结[J]. 护士进修杂志, 2023, 38(19):1779-1784.
	Liu HY, Wang XJ, Sun LP, et al. Summary of the best evidence of weight management of women of childbearing age during pregnancy[J]. J Nurses Train, 2023, 38(19):1779-1784.
[18]	方甜. 孕前体质指数、孕期体重增长及其对分娩结局的影响[D]. 蚌埠: 蚌埠医学院, 2019.
	Fang T. Body mass index before pregnancy,weight gain during pregnancy and their influence on delivery outcome[D]. Bengbu: Bengbu Medical College, 2019.
[19]	张霞, 张鑫, 万晶晶. 妊娠期糖尿病孕妇自我管理评价量表的研制及信效度检验[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2020, 55(10):1509-1513. DOI
	Zhang X, Zhang X, Wan JJ. Development and psychometric test of Self-Management Scale for Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus[J]. Chin J Nurs, 2020, 55(10):1509-1513. DOI
[20]	de Luca E, Sena B, Cataldi S, et al. A Delphi survey of health education system and interprofessional nurse’ role[J]. Nurse Educ Today, 2021,99:104779.
[21]	袁中清, 王佳琳, 金曼, 等. 护士心理资本量表的编制及信效度检验[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2023, 58(1):74-80. DOI
	Yuan ZQ, Wang JL, Jin M, et al. Development and reliability and validity of a Psychological Capital Scale for Nurses[J]. Chin J Nurs, 2023, 58(1):74-80. DOI
[22]	中国营养学会. 中国妇女妊娠期体重监测与评价[S/OL]. (2021-09-01)[2023-06-20]. https://max.book118.com/html/2022/0403/8136136132004067.shtm.
	Chinese Nutrition Society. Weight monitoring and evaluation during pregnancy period of Chinese women[S/OL].(2021-09-01)[2023-06-20]. https://max.book118.com/html/2022/0403/8136136132004067.shtm.
[23]	孙振球. 医学统计学[M]. 3版. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2010.
	Sun ZQ. Medical statistics[M]. 3rd ed. Beijing: People’s Medical Publishing House, 2010.
[24]	吴明隆. 问卷统计分析实务:SPSS操作与应用[M]. 重庆: 重庆大学出版社, 2010.
	Wu ML. Questionnaire statistical analysis practice:Operation and application of SPSS[M]. Chongqing: Chongqing University Press, 2010.
[25]	王之惠, 任永霞, 史宇红, 等. 弱视儿童视功能相关生活质量量表的编制及信效度检验[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2022, 57(20):2507-2514. DOI
	Wang ZH, Ren YX, Shi YH, et al. Development of Visual Function Related Quality of Life Scale for Children with Amblyopia and the test of its reliability and validity[J]. Chin J Nurs, 2022, 57(20):2507-2514.
[26]	程玲灵, 孙玉倩. 癌症患者自我管理测评量表的编制及信效度检验[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2017, 52(9):1082-1087.
	Cheng LL, Sun YQ. Development and validation of Cancer Patient Self-Management Assessment Scale[J]. Chin J Nurs, 2017, 52(9):1082-1087.
[27]	Stanton JM, Sinar EF, Balzer WK, et al. Issues and strategies for reducing the length of Self-Report Scales[J]. Pers Psychol, 2002, 55(1):167-194.
[28]	周红娟, 邓丽金, 陈锦秀, 等. 社区慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者自我管理量表的编制及信效度检验[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2022, 57(17):2073-2080. DOI
	Zhou HJ, Deng LJ, Chen JX, et al. Development of a Com-munity Self-Management Scale for Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and the test of its reliability and validity[J]. Chin J Nurs, 2022, 57(17):2073-2080.