照顾能力干预方案在晚期肺癌患者家庭照顾者中的应用研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2024.15.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨基于Meleis过渡理论制订的晚期肺癌患者家庭照顾者照顾能力干预方案的应用效果。方法于2022年1月—2023年6月，采用便利抽样法，选取在浙江省某三级甲等医院4个院区接受治疗的94例晚期肺癌患者与其家庭照顾者作为研究对象，根据随机数字表法将其分为对照组（n=47）和试验组（n=47）。试验组家庭照顾者在常规护理宣教的基础上接受为期4周的基于Meleis过渡理论的家庭照顾者照顾能力干预，包括角色认识、疾病知识、生活护理、心理支持和社会资源链接4个方面；对照组家庭照顾者接受为期4周的常规护理宣教、照顾教育和指导。干预后，比较两组家庭照顾者的照顾准备度、照顾能力、心理负担和患者的生活质量。结果试验组和对照组均无失访病例。干预后，试验组家庭照顾者的照顾准备度、照顾能力和患者生活质量均优于对照组，试验组家庭照顾者的心理负担明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论实施基于Meleis过渡理论的照顾能力干预方案能有效提高晚期肺癌患者家庭照顾者的照顾能力，减轻其心理负担，提高照顾质量，改善患者的生活质量。

关键词: Meleis过渡理论, 晚期肺癌, 家庭照顾者, 照顾能力, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the effect of Meleis transition theory in the intervention of family caregivers of advanced lung cancer patients. Methods From January 2022 to June 2023，94 patients with advanced lung cancer and their family caregivers treated in 4 hospitals of a tertiary A hospital in Zhejiang Province were selected by convenience sampling method，and they were divided into a control group（n=47） and an experimental group（n=47） according to random number table method. The family caregivers of the experimental group received a four-week intervention based on the Meleis transition theory on the basis of routine nursing education，including role recognition，disease knowledge，life care，psychological support，and social resource connection. Family caregivers in the control group received routine nursing education，caregiving education and guidance. The differences in the readiness，caring ability，psychological burden and patients’ quality of life were compared between the 2 groups. Results There was no lost follow-up cases in the control group and experimental group. After intervention，the preparation，ability，and quality of life of family caregivers in the experimental group were better than those in the control group，and the psychological burden of caregivers was significantly lower than that in the control group（P<0.05）. Conclusion The intervention of caregiving ability of family caregivers based on Meleis transition theory can effectively improve the caregiving ability of caregivers，reduce the psychological burden of caregivers，improve the quality of care，and improve the quality of life of patients.

Key words: Meleis Transition Theory, Advanced Lung Cancer, Family Caregivers, Caring Ability, Nursing Care

万胤辰, 王招娣, 吴坤, 周春霞, 程丽娟, 安向丽. 照顾能力干预方案在晚期肺癌患者家庭照顾者中的应用研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2024, 59(15): 1824-1831.

WAN Yinchen, WANG Zhaodi, WU Kun, ZHOU Chunxia, CHENG Lijuan, AN Xiangli. An applied study on a care ability intervention scheme for family caregivers of advanced lung cancer patients[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2024, 59(15): 1824-1831.

图/表 6

表1 基于Meleis过渡理论的晚期肺癌患者家庭照顾者照顾能力干预方案

Table 1 Intervention scheme for family caregiver care ability of advanced lung cancer patients based on the Meleis Transition Theory

表2 两组患者与家庭照顾者一般资料的比较

Table 2 Comparison of general data between patients and family caregivers in the 2 groups

表3 两组家庭照顾者照顾能力量表得分的比较（分，$ \bar{x} \pm s$）

Table 3 Comparison of the scores of FCTI between the 2 groups （score，$ \bar{x} \pm s$）

表4 两组家庭照顾者的照顾者准备度量表得分的比较（分，$ \bar{x} \pm s$）

Table 4 Comparison of scores of CPS between the 2 groups （score，$ \bar{x} \pm s$）

表5 两组家庭照顾者的照顾者负担量表得分的比较（分，$ \bar{x} \pm s$）

Table 5 Comparison of scores on the CBS of caregivers between the 2 groups（score，$ \bar{x} \pm s$）

表6 两组患者中文版晚期癌症患者生活质量量表得分的比较（分）

Table 6 Comparison of EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL scores between the 2 groups （scores）

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