妊娠期孕妇体重管理行为特征及影响因素研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2023.18.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨妊娠期孕妇体重管理行为特征的潜在类别及其影响因素，为制订针对性的产前健康教育提供参考依据。方法采取便利抽样法，选取2021年12月—2022年2月在宁夏回族自治区5所医院于产科门诊就诊的430名孕妇作为调查对象，采用一般资料调查表、妊娠期孕妇体重管理知信行问卷中的体重管理行为部分进行调查。对妊娠期孕妇体重管理行为特征进行潜在类别分析，并通过单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析识别其潜在类别的影响因素。结果妊娠期孕妇体重管理行为特征分为4个潜在类别：体重管理行为较高组92名（21.85%）、体重管理行为中等-合理运动营养组89名（21.14%）、体重管理行为中等-未合理运动营养组200名（47.51%）、体重管理行为较低组40名（9.50%）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，文化程度、孕次、医院类型、计划妊娠、婚姻状况、妊娠期饮食照顾者、是否参加妊娠期营养和体重管理课程是妊娠期孕妇体重管理行为特征的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论妊娠期孕妇体重管理行为具有明显的分类特征，医护人员应根据不同体重管理行为特征的孕妇进行针对性的产前健康教育，提高其体重自我管理水平，促进母婴健康。

关键词: 妊娠期孕妇, 体质量管理, 潜在类别分析, 影响因素分析, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To explore the potential categories and influencing factors of weight management behavior of pregnant women，and to provide references for the development of prenatal health education. Methods A total of 430 pregnant women who attended obstetric clinics in 5 hospitals in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from December 2021 to February 2022 were selected as survey subjects by convenience sampling method. The survey was conducted by general data questionnaire and weight management behavior part of the weight management knowledge and practice questionnaire for pregnant women. The potential categories of behavioral characteristics of weight management during pregnancy were analyzed，and the influencing factors of the potential categories were identified by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results The behavioral characteristics of weight management during pregnancy were divided into 4 potential categories，including a higher weight management behavior group with 92 cases（21.85%），a moderate weight management behavior and rational exercise nutrition group with 89 cases（21.14%），a moderate weight management behavior and unreasonable exercise nutrition group with 200 cases（47.51%），and a lower weight management behavior group with 40 cases（9.50%）. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that educational level，gestational number，hospital type，planned pregnancy，marital status，diet care-giver during pregnancy，and participation in nutrition and weight management courses during pregnancy were the factors influencing the behavioral characteristics of weight management of pregnant women（P< 0.05）. Conclusion The weight management behavior of pregnant women has obvious classification characteristics. Medical staff should carry out targeted prenatal health education according to the pregnant women with different weight management behavior characteristics，improve their weight self-management level，and promote maternal and child health.

Key words: Pregnant Women, Body Mass Management, Latent Category Analysis, Root Cause Analysis, Nursing Care

张燕, 张广意, 马嫔, 米光丽. 妊娠期孕妇体重管理行为特征及影响因素研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2023, 58(18): 2245-2251.

ZHANG Yan, ZHANG Guangyi, MA Pin, MI Guangli. Study on the behavioral characteristics and influencing factors of weight management in pregnant women[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2023, 58(18): 2245-2251.

图/表 5

表1 妊娠期孕妇一般资料及体重管理行为潜在类别的单因素分析[名（百分比，%）]

Table 1 Univariate analysis of general information and potential categories of weight management behavior in pregnant women during pregnancy[cases（percentage，%）]

表2 妊娠期孕妇体重管理行为潜在类别模型拟合指标

Table 2 Fitting index of potential category model of weight management behavior of pregnant women during pregnancy

表3 妊娠期孕妇体重管理行为的4个潜在类别归属概率（%）

Table 3 Probability of weight management behavior of pregnant women in 4 potential categories（%）

图1 妊娠期孕妇体重管理行为特征4个潜在类别条件概率分布图

Figure 1 Conditional probability distribution of 4 potential categories of weight management behavior characteristics in pregnant women

表4 妊娠期孕妇体重管理行为类别的多因素Logistic回归分析

Table 4 Logistic regression analysis of weight management behavior of pregnant women during pregnancy

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