非自杀性自伤青少年父母照护及应对体验的质性研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2023.18.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的描述和分析非自杀性自伤青少年父母照护及应对体验，为构建家庭支持方案提供依据。方法该研究为描述性现象学研究，采用目的抽样法，选取2022年8月—10月在广州市某三级甲等医院就诊的19名非自杀性自伤青少年父母作为研究对象，进行面对面半结构式访谈，采用Colaizzi 7步分析法归纳并提炼主题。结果共提炼出4个主题：①父母存在多种负性情感体验，包括彷徨无助和不知所措、恐慌和自责、愤怒而又悲痛；②父母通过多种方式营造良好的家庭环境，包括获取相关知识、改善沟通方式、增加陪伴时间；③部分父母缺乏有效的应对方式，处理问题的策略单一，包括暴力沟通、强硬制止、盲目满足；④外部支持不足，父母希望获得更多帮助，包括希望获得学校、医院及社区的帮助。结论父母在面对青少年非自杀性自伤行为时存在复杂的负性情感体验，期望通过营造良好的家庭环境以减少青少年非自杀性自伤行为，同时希望获得更多的外部支持。医护人员应给予父母正向引导及情感支持，联合家庭、学校、社区制订有效的干预策略，以增进青少年的身心健康。

关键词: 非自杀性自伤, 青少年, 父母, 照顾体验, 应对方式, 质性研究, 儿科护理学

Abstract:

Objective To describe and analyze the experience of parents of non-suicidal self-injury（NSSI） adolescents in caregiving and coping，and to provide a basis for developing family support programs. Methods It was a descriptive phenomenological study. Purposive sampling was used to select 19 parents of NSSI adolescents who sought medical treatment at a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou from August to October 2022. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted，and the Colaizzi 7-step analysis method was used to summarize and refine the themes. Results 4 core themes were identified：parents of NSSI adolescents experienced various negative emotions in caregiving，including helplessness，confusion，panic，self-blame，anger，and grief；parents created a positive family environment through acquiring relevant knowledge，improving communication，and increasing companion time；some parents lacked effective coping strategies and tended to use violent communication，strict prohibitions，or indulgence as a single strategy；external support was insufficient，and parents hoped to receive more help from schools，hospitals，and communities. Conclusion Parents of NSSI adolescents experienced complex negative emotions，and attempted to create a positive family environment to reduce their adolescent’s NSSI behavior. However，they still lacked effective coping strategies and hoped to receive more external support. Healthcare professionals should provide emotional support and positive guidance to parents，explore effective family intervention strategies，and collaborate with families，schools，and communities to promote the physical and mental health of adolescents.

Key words: Non-Suicidal Self-Injury, Adolescent, Parents, Care Experiences, Coping Style, Qualitative Research, Pediatric Nursing

谢美香, 李惠平, 孙春艳, 王黎, 邵华, 刘小玉, 蔡敏仪, 崔虹. 非自杀性自伤青少年父母照护及应对体验的质性研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2023, 58(18): 2238-2244.

XIE Meixiang, LI Huiping, SUN Chunyan, WANG Li, SHAO Hua, LIU Xiaoyu, CAI Minyi, CUI Hong. A qualitative study on the experience of caregiving and coping among parents of adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2023, 58(18): 2238-2244.

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