孕期疲乏对胎儿体格发育的影响

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2022.14.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨孕期疲乏对胎儿体格发育的影响,旨在改善胎儿出生结局。方法采用方便抽样法,选取2020年11月—2021年4月在南通市某三级甲等医院产检的妊娠16周~20周⁺⁶的孕妇及其胎儿为研究对象,根据疲乏量表得分将孕妇分为孕期非疲乏组和疲乏组,比较两组孕中期、孕晚期、产前胎儿双顶径、腹围、股骨长,新生儿出生体重、出生身长及出生头围。结果该研究共纳入262对母婴,其中140名孕妇纳入孕期非疲乏组,122名纳入孕期疲乏组。非疲乏组孕中期疲乏量表得分为1.5（0,3.0）分,疲乏组为5.0（6.0,8.0）分,两组比较,差异具有统计学意义（Z=-14.410,P<0.001）;非疲乏组孕晚期疲乏量表得分为2.0（1.0,5.0）分,疲乏组为7.0（5.0,9.0）分,两组比较,差异具有统计学意义（Z=-9.775,P<0.001）。孕期疲乏影响产前胎儿腹围（P=0.009）、产前胎儿股骨长（P=0.011）、新生儿出生体重（P=0.048）、新生儿出生身长（P=0.017）。结论孕期疲乏是影响胎儿体格发育的因素之一。护理人员应该重视对孕妇孕期疲乏的评估,持续关注疲乏孕妇胎儿的体格发育,提高人口出生质量。

关键词: 疲乏, 孕期, 胎儿, 体格发育, 产科护理, 儿科护理学

Abstract:

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect of pregnant fatigue on fetal physical development,in order to improve fetal birth outcomes. Methods A prospective cohort study using convenient sampling was conducted on mothers and infants who received prenatal care in a tertiary hospital in Nantong from November 2020 to April 2021. Women were divided into a fatigue group and a non-fatigue group according to the score of Fatigue Scale-14. The main outcomes were fetal biparietal diameter,abdominal circumference and femur length at pregnant metaphase,later stages of pregnancy and prenatal weeks of gestation,and newborns birth weight and length. Results A total of 262 pairs of mothers and infants were included in the study,including 140 pregnant women in the pregnancy non-fatigue group and 122 in the pregnancy fatigue group. The fatigue score was 1.5（0,3.0） in the non-fatigue group and 5.0（6.0,8.0） in the fatigue group,and the difference was statistically significant（Z=-14.410,P<0.001）. The fatigue score was 2.0（1.0,5.0） in the non-fatigue group and 7.0（5.0,9.0） in the fatigue group. The difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant（Z=-9.775,P<0.001）. Prenatal fatigue affected fetal abdominal circumference（P=0.009）,fetal femur length（P=0.011）,birth weight（P=0.048）,birth length（P=0.017）. Conclusion Pregnant fatigue was one of the risk factors of fetal physical development. Nursing staffs should pay more attention to pregnant fatigue and fetal physical development of pregnant fatigue women,to improve the health of newborns.

Key words: Fatigue, Pregnancy, Fetus, Physical Development, Obstetrical Nursing, Pediatric Nursing

吴璠, 刘华华, 王铭波, 王昕, 俞佳怡, 张凤. 孕期疲乏对胎儿体格发育的影响[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2022, 57(14): 1724-1729.

WU Fan, LIU Huahua, WANG Mingbo, WANG Xin, YU Jiayi, ZHANG Feng. The effects of pregnant fatigue on fetal physical development[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2022, 57(14): 1724-1729.

图/表 6

表1 两组孕妇的一般资料

Table 1 General information of pregnant women

表2 两组孕妇孕期疲乏量表得分比较[分,M（P25,P75）]

Table 2 Score of pregnancy fatigue scale in 2 groups[score,M（P25,P75）]

表3 两组胎儿双顶径发育情况比较（mm,$\bar{x}±s$）

Table 3 Development of biparietal diameter in 2 groups（mm,$\bar{x}±s$）

表4 两组胎儿腹围发育情况比较（mm,$\bar{x}±s$）

Table 4 Fetal abdominal circumference development of 2 groups（mm,$\bar{x}±s$）

表5 两组胎儿股骨长发育情况比较（mm,$\bar{x}±s$）

Table 5 Fetal femur length and development of 2 groups（mm,$\bar{x}±s$）

表6 孕期疲乏对胎儿体格发育的协方差分析（$\bar{x}±s$）

Table 6 Covariance analysis of fetal physical development affected by pregnant fatigue（$\bar{x}±s$）

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