青年肺结核患者营养护理方案的构建及应用

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2021.07.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的构建青年肺结核患者营养护理方案并评价其应用效果。方法通过文献分析、现况调查和专家会议法形成青年肺结核患者营养护理方案。选取某三级专科医院2019年8月1日—10月30日入院的青年肺结核患者为试验组,实施青年肺结核患者营养护理方案;选取2019年4月1日—6月30日入院的青年肺结核患者为对照组,实施常规营养护理;比较入院时、出院后1个月和出院后3个月两组营养指标、免疫指标和生活质量。结果入院时、出院后1个月和出院后3个月,试验组体重高于对照组（F_组间=12.955,F_时间=5.735,F_交互=36.713,均P<0.05）;出院后3个月,试验组CD3+、CD4+高于对照组（t=16.548,P=0.037;t=18.607,P=0.028）,生活质量总分高于对照组（t=5.351,P<0.001）,但生理功能维度、心理功能维度和社会功能维度的比较,差异无统计学差异（t=0.417,P=0.678;t=1.020,P=0.310;t=0.539,P=0.591）。结论青年肺结核患者营养护理方案可改善患者体重、免疫功能和生活质量,促进患者康复。

关键词: 青年, 肺结核, 营养管理, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To construct the practice plan of nutrition management and nursing for young pulmonary tuberculosis（YPT） patients and to evaluate its effect. Methods The final draft of the plan was formed through the current investigation,literature research and expert meeting. YPT patients admitted to the hospital from April 1 to June 30,2019,served as the control group and received routine nutritional care;YPT patients admitted from August 1 to October 30,2019 were allocated into an intervention group,and the evidence-based and clinical needs nutrition management nursing practice program was implemented. The differences in nutritional status,immune function,and quality of life were compared between the 2 groups. Results The weight change of the intervention group in the first and third months of discharge was better than that of the control group（P<0.05）.The immune function,total scores of specific dimensions and quality of life in the intervention group were better than those of the control group in 3 months after discharge from the hospital（P<0.05）,and there was no statistical difference between the 2 groups in physiological,psychological and social dimensions（P>0.05）. Conclusion Nutritional management and nursing practice programs for YPT patients can improve weight,immune function,quality of life,and promote recovery.

Key words: Young, Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Nutrition Management, Nursing Care

方雪娥,毛燕君,陈丹萍,吴颖,唐静. 青年肺结核患者营养护理方案的构建及应用[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2021, 56(7): 965-971.

FANG Xuee,MAO Yanjun,CHEN Danping,WU Ying,TANG Jing. Study on the construction and application of nutrition management and nursing practice plan for young pulmonary tuberculosis patients[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2021, 56(7): 965-971.

图/表 5

图1 青年肺结核患者营养护理流程

Figure 1 Nursing practice process of nutrition managementt for young pulmonary tuberculosis

表1 两组一般资料的比较

Table 1 General baseline data of the two groups of patients

表2 两组不同时间营养指标的比较

Table 2 Comparison of body weight,hemoglobin,albumin and prealbumin between the two groups of patients at different time periods

表3 两组免疫指标的比较（$\bar{x}$±s）

Table 3 Comparison of immune function between the two groups of patients 3 months after discharge

表4 两组出院后3个月生活质量的比较（分,$\bar{x}$±s）

Table 4 Comparison of quality of life between the two groups of patients in 3 months after discharge

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