养老机构老年人心理调适水平及影响因素分析

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2020.11.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解入住养老机构老年人心理调适的现状及影响因素,为促进其健康老龄化提供理论依据。方法采用整群抽样法,于2019年4月—6月,采用一般资料调查表、养老机构老年人心理调适量表、知觉压力量表、社会支持评定量表和一般自我效能量表,对福州市10所养老机构符合纳入标准的248名老年人进行横断面调查。采用多元线性回归分析心理调适水平的影响因素。结果养老机构老年人心理调适量表总分为（87.83±15.33）分,条目均分为（3.82±0.67）分。多元线性回归分析显示,社会支持、养老机构生活满意度、知觉压力、是否交友是影响其心理调适水平的主要因素（P<0.05）。结论养老机构老年人的心理调适水平较低,护理人员可通过加强养老机构老年人的社会支持和压力应对、促进交友等措施,提高老年人的心理调适水平。

关键词: 老年人, 心理调适, 养老机构, 影响因素分析, 社区保健护理, 横断面研究

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the current status of psychological adjustment of elderly residents in nursing homes and its predictors. Methods A total of 248 elderly residents were recruited from 10 nursing homes from April 2019 to June 2019,and they were investigated by Katz Activity of Daily Living（Katz ADL）,Nursing Home Adjustment Scale（NHAS）,Chinese Perceived Stress Scale（CPSS）,Social Science Research Solutions（SSRS） and General Self-efficacy Scale（GSES）. Multiple linear regression was used to identify predictors of adjustment to the nursing home life for elderly residents. Results The total score of NHAS was（87.83±15.33）,and the mean score was（3.82±0.67）. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that social support,satisfaction with nursing homes,making friends and perceived stress were the predictors of nursing home adjustment（P<0.05）. Conclusion Nursing home staff should consider the influencing factors in assisting the elderly to achieve successful adjustment to nursing homes.

Key words: Aged, Adjustment, Nursing Home, Root Cause Analysis, Community Health Nursing, Cross-Sectional Studies

雍彬彬,肖惠敏,郑艺静. 养老机构老年人心理调适水平及影响因素分析[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2020, 55(11): 1690-1696.

YONG Binbin,XIAO Huimin,ZHENG Yijing. Factors influencing the adjustment to nursing home life of elderly residents[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2020, 55(11): 1690-1696.

图/表 5

表1 调查对象的一般资料及心理调适水平影响因素的单因素分析结果（n=248）

Table 1 The general data of subjects and univariate analysis of predictors for nursing home adjustment（n=248）

表2 调查对象的心理调适水平、知觉压力、社会支持与自我效能水平得分（n=248,分,$\overline{x}±s$）

Table 2 The scores of NHAS,CPSS,SSRS and GSES（n=248,scores,$\overline{x}±s$）

表3 养老机构老年人心理调适与自我效能、社会支持及知觉压力的相关性（n=248,r值）

Table 3 Correlation between nursing home adjustment and self-efficacy, social support and perceived stress（n=248,r value）

表4 自变量赋值方式

Table 4 Variables assignment table

表5 养老机构老年人心理调适水平的多元线性回归分析结果（n=248）

Table 5 Multiple regression analysis of predictors of nursing home adjustment（n=248）

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