难度自适应计算机认知训练对社区老年人的干预效果研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2020.10.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨难度自适应计算机认知训练对社区老年人的干预效果,旨在为在社区针对认知健康老年人开展难度自适应计算机认知训练提供依据。方法在北京市4个社区中便利选取74名60岁及以上认知健康的老年人。先入组的37名老年人为试验组,后入组的37名老年人为对照组。试验组和对照组分别进行难度自适应和固定难度的计算机认知训练,训练时间共6周,每周5次,每次20 min。通过一般资料调查问卷获得老年人的一般人口学资料,通过北京版蒙特利尔认知评估量表、听觉词语学习测验、Stroop色词测验、连线测验和数字广度测验评估研究对象干预前后的总体认知功能、记忆力、执行功能和注意力。结果干预前两组的一般人口学资料、总体认知功能得分、记忆力得分、执行功能得分和注意力得分均具有可比性。干预后：①总体认知功能,两组的北京版蒙特利尔认知评估量表总分均较干预前提高（P<0.05）,试验组总分高于对照组（P<0.05）;②记忆力,干预后试验组记忆功能得分较干预前提高（P<0.05）,对照组干预前后比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;③执行功能,干预后试验组色词测验3和连线测验A、B耗时较干预前缩短（P<0.05）,对照组干预前后比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;④注意力,两组数字倒背得分干预前后比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论计算机认知训练对社区认知健康老年人的认知功能有积极效果,难度自适应计算机认知训练的效果更好。

关键词: 难度自适应计算机认知训练, 社区保健护理, 老年人

Abstract:

Objective The research aimed to analyze the immediate training effects of adaptive computer-based cognitive training among community-dwelling elderly. Methods 74 senior people from 4 communities in Beijing were conveniently sampled and then allocated into an intervention group and a control group according to their order with 37 people in each group. The intervention group and the control group received 6 weeks of adaptive cognitive training(5 times/week，20 mins/time),respectively. The general cognitive function，memory，executive and attention function were evaluated before the intervention and at the completion of intervention. Results 61 elderly people completed all data collection. The results showed as following. (1)General cognitive function：the scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale of Beijing version were improved(P<0.05) in 2 groups after the intervention. Compared with the control group，the score of the intervention group was improved(P<0.05). (2)Memory function：in the intervention group，the numbers of immediate recall，short delayed recall，long delayed recall and recognition were improved(P<0.05). (3)Executive function：the test time of TMT and SCWT-3 were significantly shortened(P<0.05). (4)Attention function：the scores of digit span were not improved significantly(P>0.05) in both groups. Conclusion The computer-based cognitive training has positive training effects on the cognitive function of community-dwelling elderly. The training effect of the adaptive cognitive training is better.

Key words: Adaptive Computer-Based Cognitive Training, Community Health Nursing, Aged

公冶慧娟,刘宇,田家利,郭桂芳. 难度自适应计算机认知训练对社区老年人的干预效果研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2020, 55(10): 1543-1548.

GONGYE Huijuan,LIU Yu,TIAN Jiali,GUO Guifang. The effects of adaptive computer-based cognitive training on community-dwelling elder people[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2020, 55(10): 1543-1548.

图/表 5

表1 两组的一般资料比较[名（百分比,%）]

Table 1 Baseline demographic characteristics for the 2 groups（percent,%）

表2 两组干预前后北京版蒙特利尔认知评估量表总分比较（n=61,分,$\bar{x}$±s）

Table 2 Comparison of scores of MoCA （Beijing version） in 2 groups before and after the intervention（n=61,score,）

表3 两组干预前后记忆功能得分比较（分）

Table 3 Comparison of scores of memory function in 2 groups before and after the intervention（score）

表4 干预前后两组执行功能得分比较（分）

Table 4 Comparison of scores of executive function in 2 groups before and after the intervention（score）

表5 干预前后两组注意力功能得分比较（分）

Table 5 Comparison of scores of attention function in 2 groups before and after the intervention（score）

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