中国助产士人力资源现状调查研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2020.02.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的通过调查了解全国的助产士人力资源现状。方法 2017年12月—2018年11月,通过判断抽样和便利抽样法选取中国妇幼保健协会成员机构中的三级和二级医院作为调查对象,使用自行编制的中国助产士人力资源现状调查表进行数据收集,调查单位覆盖国内22个省、自治区、直辖市。结果共发放问卷1 254份,共回收有效问卷1 213份,问卷的有效率为97.4%;国内产科平均床位使用率为90%;平均每所医院拥有助产士12名,以25~34岁、工作年限<10年、初级职称的助产士为主;助产士的平均外出培训率为12%;不同等级和类型医院的年分娩量、产科床位使用率、助产士人数和构成比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论国内助产士的人员紧缺状况有所缓解但人力仍不足,助产士的学历提升,但助产人员内部构成仍不合理,且不同等级和类型助产医疗机构的资源利用率不同,需进一步开展助产专科教育和培训,优化助产士人力资源配置,实现合理利用助产资源。

关键词: 助产士, 卫生人力, 问卷调查, 横断面研究, 护理管理研究

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the current situation of human resources allocation of midwives in China. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted by the judgment sampling method and convenience sampling from December 2017 to November 2018,on the midwifery human resources in tertiary and secondary hospitals in the member institutions of China Maternal and Child Health Association,which covered 22 provinces/ municipalities/autonomous regions in China. Results A total of 1254 questionnaires were distributed and 1213 valid questionnaires were collected with a valid rate of 97%. The average bed occupancy rate of obstetrics in China was 90%. Averagely each hospital had 12 midwives with the age of 24 to 35 years old who had been working less than 10 years with junior professional titles. The average outside training rate of midwives was 12%. There were significant differences in the annual delivery volume,bed occupancy rate,the number of midwives and composition between hospitals of different levels and types（P<0.05）. Conclusion The shortage of midwives in China has been alleviated and the educational level of midwives has been improved. However,the number of midwives in China is still insufficient and its internal composition is unreasonable. Different levels and types of midwifery institutions have a difference in resource utilization. It is of great necessity for government to further carry out midwifery education and training,and optimize the allocation of midwifery human resources so as to achieve rational use of midwifery resources.

Key words: Midwife, Health Manpower, Questionnaires, Cross-sectional Studies, Nursing Administration Research

胡蕾, 姜梅, 徐鑫芬, 杨雯茜, 罗碧如. 中国助产士人力资源现状调查研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2020, 55(2): 192-197.

HU Lei, JIANG Mei, XU Xinfen, YANG Wenqian, LUO Biru. Investigation on the current situation of midwives human resources in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2020, 55(2): 192-197.

图/表 4

表1 1 213所助产医疗机构的基本情况[M（P25,P75）]

表2 1 213所助产医疗机构中助产士的一般资料[名,M（P25,P75）]

表3 不同类型医院产科/产房的基本情况比较[M（P25,P75）]

表4 不同类型医院中助产士的构成情况比较[名,M（P25,P75）]

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