护理学本科毕业生胜任力现状调查与分析——基于混合研究视角

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2019.03.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的通过混合研究方法,了解我国护理学本科毕业生胜任力现状并分析影响因素,为基于胜任力的护理人才培养改革提供参考。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样对国内9个省、市的27所院校的应届护理学本科毕业生进行问卷调查;通过目的抽样和最大差异抽样,对来自6所护理院校的9名毕业生进行半结构式访谈。结果回收有效调查问卷3 247份,毕业生胜任力总均分为（3.07±0.62）分,处于较好水平;毕业生对自身专业素养的评价较高,临床护理维度的自评得分最低。访谈结果显示,课程设置、教学方法的改革与细化、丰富临床教学实践以及提升教师专业能力和榜样作用是完善胜任力培养改革的关键。结论我国护理学本科毕业生胜任力水平仍存在提升空间;需要通过完善课程设置、教学模式和师资力量来提升学生临床护理能力和专业发展潜力。

关键词: 胜任力, 教育, 护理, 学士, 本科毕业生, 混合研究方法

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the current status of nursing bachelor graduates’ competency and influencing factors in China through mixed methods. Methods Multi-stage stratified cluster sampling was used through internet survey in 27 universities from 9 provinces in China. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 9 graduates from 6 nursing institutions through purposive sampling and maximum variation sampling.Results Totally 3 247 valid questionnaires were collected,and the average score of graduates’ competency was （3.07±0.62）,which was at a good level. Graduates scored highest in nursing professional quality and lowest in clinical nursing ability. After the interview,it was concluded that the reform of curriculum setting and teaching methods,the enrichment of clinical teaching practice,and the improvement of teachers’ professional ability and role model were the key points for improving the reform of competence training.Conclusion There is still room for improvement in the competency of nursing graduates in China. It is necessary to improve students’ clinical nursing ability and professional development ability by improving curriculum setting,teaching mode and faculty.

Key words: Competence, Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate, Bachelor Graduates, Mixed Methods Research

达珍,普珍,孙宏玉. 护理学本科毕业生胜任力现状调查与分析——基于混合研究视角[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2019, 54(3): 422-427.

DA Zhen,PU Zhen,SUN Hongyu. Survey and analysis on competency of bachelor of nursing graduates：based on mixed methods perspective[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2019, 54(3): 422-427.

参考文献 19

[1]	Institute of Medicine . The future of nursing:leading change,advancing health[M]. Washington, DC:National Academies Press, 2010.
[2]	Aiken LH, Sloane DM, Bruyneel L , et al. Nurse staffing and edu-cation and hospital mortality in nine European countries:a retrospective observational study[J]. Lancet, 2014,383(9931):1824-1830. DOI URL PMID
[3]	Warshawsky NE . Achieving 80% BSN by 2020:lessons learned from Kentucky’s registered nurses[J]. J Nurs Admin, 2015,45(9):449-456. DOI URL
[4]	教育部. 教育部对十二届全国人大四次会议第7817号建议的答复:教建议[2016]第486号[EB/OL]. ( 2016- 08- 18)[2017-05-23]. .
[5]	Lyle M, Spencer JR . Competence at work:models for superior performance[M]. New York:John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1993: 222-226.
[6]	刘锋 . 关于“十一五”规划区域划分的思考[Z]. 国务院发展研究中心, 2005.
[7]	邱均平, 马力, 何文静 . 2015 年中国大学竞争力评价与分析[J]. 中国高校科技, 2015(4):4-12.
[8]	孙振球, 徐勇勇 . 医学统计学[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2014.
[9]	陈黎明, 孙宏玉 . 护理学本科毕业生胜任力自评问卷的编制和评价[J]. 护理研究, 2014,28(7):2591-2593. DOI URL
[10]	张京煜, 叶丽娟, 陈京立 . 以素质教育为核心的护理专业教学改革后本科毕业生临床工作胜任力情况调查[J]. 护理研究, 2017,31(7):870-874. DOI URL
[11]	Blanch-Hartigan D . Medical students’ self-assessment of performance:results from three meta-analyses[J]. Patient Educ Couns, 2011,84(1):3-9. DOI URL PMID
[12]	Ehrenberg A, Gustavsson P, Wallin L , et al. New graduate nurses’ developmental trajectories for capability beliefs concerning core competencies for healthcare professionals:a national cohort study on patient-centered care,teamwork,and evidence-based practice[J]. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs, 2016,13(6):454-462. DOI URL PMID
[13]	Lee HY, Kim Y , Kang H,et al. An international comparison of Korean and Chinese nursing students with nursing curricula and educational outcomes[J]. Nurs Educ Today, 2011,31(5):450-455. DOI URL PMID
[14]	刘文非, 张春华, 邹智杰 , 等. 护理本科生科研能力培养方法的改进[J]. 护理学杂志, 2017,32(5):76-78. DOI URL
[15]	杨丽, 仰曙芬, 隋树杰 , 等. 国外护理课程设置对我国高等护理教育的启示[J]. 中国高等医学教育, 2014(3):4-5. DOI URL
[16]	Franklin AE, Lee CS . Effectiveness of simulation for improvement in self-efficacy among novice nurses:a Meta-analysis[J]. J Nurs Educ, 2014,53(11):607-614. DOI URL PMID
[17]	刘玲华, 汪国珍, 徐元屏 , 等. 职业院校临床医学专业背景的护理专职教师教学能力重塑策略的研究[J]. 中国实用护理杂志, 2015,31(27):2088-2090. DOI URL
[18]	李菁, 绳宇, 邓寒羽 , 等. 护理青年专职教师双路径导师制临床实践模式的研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2014,49(5):580-583.
[19]	焦静, 张晓静, 吴欣娟 , 等. 对专职临床护理教师岗位规范化管理提高实习护生满意度效果的评价[J]. 中华现代护理杂志, 2018,24(2):221-223. DOI URL