肝移植患者体力活动现状及影响因素研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2024.10.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的调查肝移植患者的体力活动状况，探讨相关影响因素，为制订针对性的体力活动管理方案提供依据。方法采用方便抽样法，2023年1月—5月采用一般情况调查表、国际体力活动问卷、坦帕运动恐惧量表、器官移植患者症状和幸福感量表对广州市某三级甲等医院肝移植科住院的250例肝移植患者进行调查，采用有序多分类Logistic回归分析肝移植患者体力活动的相关影响因素。结果回收有效问卷240份，肝移植患者的体力活动总代谢当量为2 433（506，30 263） MET-min/周；Logistic回归分析显示，BMI、移植时间、术后随访频次、运动恐惧及生活质量是肝移植患者体力活动的主要影响因素（P<0.05）。结论肝移植患者体力活动强度较低，以步行等轻活动强度为主。医护人员需注重对肝移植患者体力活动的管理，尤其是对于肥胖、生活质量较低的患者，应加强术后随访，改善患者的运动恐惧，以促进患者早期规律开展活动锻炼。

关键词: 肝移植, 体力活动, 代谢当量, 影响因素分析, 护理

Abstract:

Objective This study aimed to investigate the physical activity status of liver transplant patients，explore the relevant influencing factors，and provide a basis for developing a physical activity management program for this population. Methods A convenience sampling method was used from January to May 2023 to investigate 250 liver transplant patients in a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou，using a general situation questionnaire，international physical activity questionnaire，exercise fear scale，and organ transplant patient symptom and happiness scale. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relevant influencing factors of physical activity in liver transplant patients. Results 240 valid questionnaires were collected，and the median total metabolic equivalent of physical activity in liver transplant patients was 2 433（506，30263） MET-min/week patients. Ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed that body mass index（BMI），time to transplantation，postoperative follow-up，fear of exercise，and quality of life were significant factors influencing physical activity in liver transplant patients（P<0.05）. Conclusion Liver transplant patients have lower levels of physical activity，mainly with light activity intensity such as walking. Medical staff need to pay attention to the management of physical activity in liver transplant patients，especially for obese and low-quality of life patients. Postoperative follow-up should be strengthened to improve their fear of exercise and promote early and regular exercise.

Key words: Liver Transplant, Physical Activity, Metabolic Equivalents, Root Cause Analysis, Nursing Care

周惠玲, 杨志玉, 严靖雯, 许磊波. 肝移植患者体力活动现状及影响因素研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2024, 59(10): 1212-1217.

ZHOU Huiling, YANG Zhiyu, YAN Jingwen, XU Leibo. Status and influencing factors of physical activity among liver transplant patients[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2024, 59(10): 1212-1217.

图/表 5

表1 肝移植患者的一般资料及体力活动水平的单因素分析(n=240)

Table 1 Univariate analysis of general data and physical activity level of liver transplant patients(n=240)

表2 肝移植患者体力活动情况（n=240）

Table 2 Physical activity of liver transplant patients （n=240）

表3 肝移植患者的各种类型体力活动总代谢当量[MET-min/周，M（P25，P75）]

Table 3 Total metabolic equivalent of physical activity and characteristics of liver transplant patients[MET-min/weekly，M（P25，P75）]

表4 肝移植患者体力活动影响因素的单因素分析（n=240）

Table 4 Univariate analysis of factors influencing physical activity in liver transplant patients（n=240）

表5 肝移植患者体力活动影响因素的有序多分类Logistic回归分析结果（n=240）

Table 5 Ordinal logistic regression analysis results of factors affecting physical activity in liver transplant patients（n=240）

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